Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35038068›Full record

ArticleAIDS and behavior2022

A Trend Analysis of Condom use in Spanish Young People over the Two Past Decades, 1999-2020.

Rafael Ballester-Arnal, Cristina Giménez-García, Estefanía Ruiz-Palomino, Jesús Castro-Calvo, María Dolores Gil-Llario

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in AIDS and behavior, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
7.0field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Open forum infectious diseases · 2026
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  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Increase inSexually transmitted infections · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Too Little Too Late: Perceptions of Sexual Health Education in Spain.International journal of sexual health : official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health · 2025
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Predictors of Condom Use among College Students.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Willingness to Use Male Contraceptive Pill: Spain-Mozambique Comparison.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
  15. Focusing on Safety or Pleasure Determine Condom Use Intentions Differently Depending on Condom Availability and STI Risk.International journal of sexual health : official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Rafael Ballester-ArnalDepartamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4421-1144
Cristina Giménez-GarcíaDepartamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain. gimenezc@uji.es.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6309-1224
Estefanía Ruiz-PalominoDepartamento de Psicología Básica, Clínica y Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-9233
Jesús Castro-CalvoDepartamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-9643
María Dolores Gil-LlarioDepartamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-1327
Universitat Jaume I · ESUniversitat de València · ES

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

HIV exposure is one of the greatest sexual risks in young people, and condom use is the best protective measure. Despite the preventive efforts, trend in condom use is still unclear. This study examines the trend of condom use by gender in Spanish young people, in different sexual practices (vaginal, oral and anal), relationships (regular and casual) and having sex after drugs consumption during the two past decades (from 1999 to 2020). For this, 14,472 people who ranged from 17 to 40 years old (63.5% women) filled the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire in each year. In general, low condom use remains stable and even gets worse regardless of the type of sexual practice, relationship and the substance consumption. Regarding gender, this trend is worse in women who have been less likely to report condom use than men have. Moreover, older people have reported a minor frequency of condom use than the youngest people have done, except for anal sex. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze why, despite preventive efforts, condom use seems to decrease over time.

Indexed as

CondomsHIV InfectionsAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleSexual BehaviorSexual PartnersSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultCondom useGenderSpainTrendYoung people

Identifiers

PMID35038068
PMCPMC8762636
OpenAlexW4206459084

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.