Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35036461›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2022

Prevalence and Healthcare Burden of Fungal Infections in the United States, 2018.

Emily Rayens, Karen A Norris

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
126citing papers in PubMed
19.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

126 citing papers in PubMed, 203 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Beyond roughness: Lateral surface architecture drives Candida albicans virulence on denture polymers.Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials · 2026
    Article
  2. Changes in age composition and epidemiology of candidaemia, Iceland, 2012 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Observational
  8. Fungal Infections in Disorders of Inborn Errors of Immunity.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Observational
  11. Article
  12. Emergence and Comparative Analysis ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Essential oil of ocimum gratissimum as a natural fungicide against pathogenic fungi of fruit crops and molecular docking studies.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026
    Article
  15. Novel infection byInfection and immunity · 2026
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Emily RayensCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3369-3475
Karen A NorrisCenter for Vaccines and Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
University of Georgia · US

Funding

Prevention and Treatment of Pneumocystis PneumoniaR01AI148365 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA · PI NORRIS, KAREN A · 2020 to 2024
$3.7M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI148365
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFungal infections are responsible for >1.5 million deaths globally per year, primarily in those with compromised immune function. This is concerning as the number of immunocompromised patients, especially in those without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has risen in the past decade. The purpose of this analysis was to provide the current prevalence and impact of fungal disease in the United States.

methodsWe analyzed hospital discharge data from the most recent (2018) Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample, and outpatient visit data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Costs are presented in 2018 United States (US) dollars.

resultsIn the 35.5 million inpatient visits documented in 2018 in the US, approximately 666 235 fungal infections were diagnosed, with an estimated attributable cost of $6.7 billion.

conclusionsFungal disease is a serious clinical concern with substantial healthcare costs and significant increases in morbidity and mortality, particularly among predisposed patients. Increased surveillance, standardized treatment guidelines, and improvement in diagnostics and therapeutics are needed to support the rising numbers of at-risk patients.

Indexed as

fungal diseaseHCUPHealthcare Cost and Utilization ProjectmortalitymycosesNational Inpatient SampleNIS

Identifiers

PMID35036461
PMCPMC8754384
OpenAlexW4206237820

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.