SynthesisF1000Research2021
SARS-CoV-2 and the role of orofecal transmission: a systematic review.
Synthesis in F1000Research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and associated risk factors in healthcare workers: systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Oro-faecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review of studies employing viral culture from gastrointestinal and other potential oro-faecal sources and evidence for transmission to humans.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among oral health care workers worldwide: A meta-analysis.Community dentistry and oral epidemiology · 2023Pooled it
- Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) from pre and asymptomatic infected individuals: a systematic review.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 associated with aircraft travel: a systematic review.Journal of travel medicine · 2021Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 and the role of orofecal transmission: a systematic review.F1000Research · 2021Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 and the role of close contact in transmission: a systematic review.F1000Research · 2021Pooled it
- Interplay between viral infections and gut microbiota dysbiosis: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential.World journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- From zoonotic spillover to endemicity: the broad determinants of human coronavirus tropism.mBio · 2025Review
- Genetic Characteristics ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Four Novel SARS-CoV-2 Infected Feral American Mink (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- A comprehensive RNA virome identified in the oyster Magallana gigas reveals the intricate network of virus sharing between seawater and mollusks.Microbiome · 2024Article
- An interpretative review of the wastewater-based surveillance of the SARS-CoV-2: where do we stand on its presence and concern?Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 transmission with and without mask wearing or air cleaners in schools in Switzerland: A modeling study of epidemiological, environmental, and molecular data.PLoS medicine · 2023Article
- Gut Microbiome in Post-COVID-19 Patients Is Linked to Immune and Cardiovascular Health Status but Not COVID-19 Severity.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Article
- Bioaccumulation Pattern of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins in Pacific Oyster Tissues.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- [Viruses present in the environment: virological considerations and examples of their impact on human health].Revue francophone des laboratoires : RFL · 2023Article
- Effects of vaccines on clinical characteristics of convalescent adult patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: A retrospective study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- COVID-19 on the spectrum: a scoping review of hygienic standards.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundModes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 are of key public health importance. SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in the feces of some COVID-19 patients, suggesting the possibility that the virus could, in addition to droplet and fomite transmission, be transmitted via the orofecal route.
methodsThis review is part of an Open Evidence Review on Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19. We conduct ongoing searches using WHO COVID-19 Database, LitCovid, medRxiv, and Google Scholar; assess study quality based on five criteria and report important findings. Where necessary, authors are contacted for further details on the content of their articles.
resultsWe include searches up until 20 December 2020. We included 110 relevant studies: 76 primary observational studies or reports, and 35 reviews (one cohort study also included a review) examining the potential role of orofecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Of the observational studies, 37 were done in China. A total of 48 studies (n=9,081 patients) reported single cases, case series or cohort data on individuals with COVID-19 diagnosis or their contacts and 46 (96%) detected binary RT-PCR with 535 out of 1358 samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 (average 39.4%). The results suggest a long duration of fecal shedding, often recorded after respiratory samples tested negative, and symptoms of gastrointestinal disease were reported in several studies. Twenty-nine studies reported finding SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater, river water or toilet areas. Six studies attempted viral culture from COVID-19 patients' fecal samples: culture was successful in 3 of 6 studies, and one study demonstrated invasion of the virus into intestinal epithelial cells.
conclusionsVaried observational and mechanistic evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 can infect and be shed from the gastrointestinal tract, including some data demonstrating viral culture in fecal samples. To fully assess these risks, quantitative data on infectious virus in these settings and infectious dose are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.