ReviewNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2022
Structural and functional connections between the autonomic nervous system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and the immune system: a context and time dependent stress response network.
Review in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Academic Self-Pressure and Physiological Responses in Adolescents: A Pilot Experimental Study on the Moderating Role of an Escape Room-Based Physical Activity Intervention on Cognitive and Academic Outcomes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Trial
- Multimodal approach to identify neuropsychophysiological subgroups in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and their relevance for rehabilitation: protocol for a mechanistic cross-sectional and longitudinal study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- [Research advances in immune and metabolic dysregulation in the diagnosis and treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Review
- Multi-Omics Mendelian Randomization Maps Lipid-Related Brain Cell-Type Associations with Kidney Disease.Genes · 2026Article
- Prevalence of dysautonomia in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a cross-sectional study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Comorbidities and Inflammation: How Chronic Diseases Prime the Host Response in Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Open-label placebo effects on psychological distress and hair cortisol in a randomized controlled trial - the moderating role of the five-factor personality traits.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Chronic Stress, Immune Suppression, and Cancer Occurrence: Unveiling the Connection Using Survey Data and Predictive Models.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Dexpramipexole alleviates chronic allodynia from sciatic neuropathy and reduces spinal interferon-γ and other proinflammatory cytokines in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia in mice.Medical research archives · 2026Article
- Salivary cortisol as a neuroendocrine stress biomarker for xerostomia in multiple sclerosis patients: a comparative cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Prenatal Adversity and Neonatal Brain Connectivity Relate to Emerging Executive Function at Age 2 Years.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Male Stress Is Associated with Ovarian and Endometrial Responses in ICSI Cycles: Is Seminal Plasma the Linchpin?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Psychological stress and gut microbiota regulation of osteoarthritis progression: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Neural-immune-cardiovascular axis: from mechanistic crosstalk to therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: Impact on Neuroimmune Function in the Stress Response and Pain.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Social Determinants of Health, the developing brain, and risk and resilience for psychopathology.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Neurosurgery as an immune anchor point: a translational framework for perioperative immunoengineering.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A systematic review investigating the relationship between green and blue spaces and depression in older adults via DNA methylation.Environmental epigenetics · 2026Review
- Peripheral Nerve-Cancer Interactions in the Tumor Microenvironment: A Three-Dimensional Framework Integrating Mechanisms, Modulators, and Therapeutic Strategies.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Liver Innervation in Health and Disease: Neuroimmune-Neurovascular Interface and Future Therapeutic Implications.Biomedicines · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and immune system are connected anatomically and functionally. These three systems coordinate the central and peripheral response to perceived and systemic stress signals. Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system rapidly respond to stress signals, while the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune system have delayed but prolonged actions. In vitro, animal, and human studies have demonstrated consistent anti-inflammatory effects of parasympathetic activity. In contrast, sympathetic activity exerts context-dependent effects on immune signaling and has been associated with both increased and decreased inflammation. The location of sympathetic action, adrenergic receptor subtype, and timing of activity in relation to disease progression all influence the ultimate impact on immune signaling. This article reviews the brain circuitry, peripheral connections, and chemical messengers that enable communication between the ANS, HPA axis, and immune system. We describe findings of in vitro and animal studies that challenge the immune system with lipopolysaccharide. Next, neuroimmune connections in animal models of chronic inflammatory disease are reviewed. Finally, we discuss how a greater understanding of the ANS-HPA-immune network may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies that are focused on modulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.