ArticleWorld journal of urology2022
Prostatic metaplasia of the vagina in transmasculine individuals.
Article in World journal of urology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic pelvic pain among transgender men and gender diverse adults assigned female at birth.Andrology · 2025Article
- Case Report: Challenges of an extremely delayed diagnosis of classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia in a completely virilized 46,XX patient.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo determine the prevalence of prostatic metaplasia in an expanded cohort of transmasculine individuals undergoing gender-affirming resection of vaginal tissue.
methodsInstitutional Review Board approval was obtained. Clinical records were reviewed for all transmasculine individuals undergoing vaginal tissue resection at our institution between January 2018 and July 2021. Corresponding pathology specimens were examined grossly and microscopically, including immunohistochemical stains for NKX3.1, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and androgen receptor (AR). Vaginal specimens from three patients without androgen supplementation were used as controls.
resultsTwenty-one patients met inclusion criteria. The median age at surgery was 26.4 years (range 20.6-34.5 years). All patients had been assigned female gender at birth and lacked endocrine or genetic abnormalities. All were on testosterone therapy; median duration of therapy at surgery was 4.4 years (range 1.4-12.1 years). In the transmasculine group, no gross lesions were identified. Microscopically, all specimens demonstrated patchy intraepithelial glandular proliferation along the basement membrane and/or nodular proliferation of prostate-type tissue within the subepithelial stroma. On immunohistochemical staining, performed for a subset of cases, the glandular proliferation was positive for NKX3.1 (16/16 cases; 100%), PSA (12/14 cases; 85.7%), and AR (8/8 cases; 100%). Controls showed no evidence of prostatic metaplasia.
conclusionOne hundred percent of vaginal specimens obtained from transmasculine individuals on testosterone therapy (21/21 cases) demonstrated prostatic metaplasia. Further investigation is warranted to characterize the natural history and clinical significance of these changes. Patients seeking hormone therapy and/or gender-affirming surgery should be counseled on the findings and their yet-undetermined significance.
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