ArticlePediatric cardiology2022
Troubled Judging of Bronchus Compression Due to Contrast-Filled Balloon in Three-Dimensional Rotational Angiography.
Article in Pediatric cardiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed, 0 citations in OpenAlex.
- Airway Management in Fontan Patients with LPA Stenosis.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
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4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
Three-dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA) is a suitable technique to detect the risk of left main bronchus (LMB) compression during left pulmonary artery (LPA) stenting in partial cavopulmonary connection and total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). We report on a case of a 4-year-old boy with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and TCPC in which 3DRA and bronchoscopy gave conflicting information on airway patency during balloon interrogation. The balloon with high contrast concentration created a severe artifact impeding visibility of the LMB. Simultaneous flexible bronchoscopy revealed an unobstructed LMB. Repeated 3DRAs with lower contrast concentration had no artifact and showed a patent airway in accordance with the bronchoscopy. Conventional LPA stenting was performed without indication for stent ovalization. The benefit of low contrast concentration in the interrogation balloon was demonstrated in a second case of an 11-year-old boy with TCPC. The margins of the LPA and LMB were clearly visible without blank-out artifact. Oval stent procedure was necessary to prevent LMB compression. When 3DRA is used for vessel-airway interrogation, the balloon contrast concentration should be low in order to avoid artifacts. When in doubt, simultaneous flexible bronchoscopy can overcome the dilemma in airway judgment.
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