ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2022
Cocaethylene, simultaneous alcohol and cocaine use, and liver fibrosis in people living with and without HIV.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cocaine Use Disorder: Neuropathology and Exploratory Treatments.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- The role of polysubstance use in the development, maintenance, and treatment of stimulant use disorders.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Gastrointestinal complications of cocaine use: a narrative literature review.Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effects of toxicants on endoplasmic reticulum stress and hepatic cell fate determination.Toxicological research · 2023Review
- Urine Drug Tests Indicate Higher Prevalence of Combined Alcohol and Cocaine Use Compared to Alcohol Together with Cannabis or Amphetamine-A Possible Link to Cocaethylene.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2023Article
- Diet Quality and Liver Health in People Living with HIV in the MASH Cohort: A Multi-Omic Analysis of the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome.Metabolites · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe simultaneous consumption of cocaine and alcohol results in the production of cocaethylene (CE) in the liver, a highly toxic metabolite. Prior research suggests that cocaine use contributes to liver disease and its concomitant use with alcohol may increase its hepatotoxicity, but studies in humans are lacking. We evaluated the role of cocaine, its simultaneous use with alcohol, and CE on liver fibrosis.
methodsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Miami Adult Studies on HIV (MASH) cohort. Cocaine use was determined via self-report, urine screen, and blood metabolites, using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Hazardous drinking was determined with the AUDIT-C and liver fibrosis with the Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4).
resultsOut of 649 participants included in this analysis, 281 (43.3%) used cocaine; of those, 78 (27.8%) had CE in blood. Cocaine users with CE had higher concentrations of cocaine metabolites in blood and were more likely to drink hazardously than cocaine users without CE and cocaine non-users. Overall, cocaine use was associated with liver fibrosis. CE in blood was associated with 3.17 (95% CI: 1.61, 6.23; p = 0.0008) times the odds of liver fibrosis compared to cocaine non-users, adjusting for covariates including HIV and HCV infection. The effect of CE on liver fibrosis was significantly greater than that of cocaine or alcohol alone.
conclusionsCE is a reliable marker of simultaneous use of cocaine and alcohol that may help identify individuals at risk of liver disease and aid in the prevention of its development or progression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.