Trial reportTrials2022
Association between blood glucose levels and Glasgow Outcome Score in patients with traumatic brain injury: secondary analysis of a randomized trial.
Trial report in Trials, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02161055 (Randomized Controlled Clinical Study of Intensive Versus Nonintensive Insulin Therapy for Hyperglycemia After Traumatic Brain Injury), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Controlled Clinical Study of Intensive Versus Nonintensive Insulin Therapy for Hyperglycemia After Traumatic Brain Injury
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aging-dependent microglial heterogeneity worsens outcomes in models of traumatic brain injury.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Traumatic brain injury exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction in APP/PS1 knock-in mice through time-dependent pathways.Experimental neurology · 2026Article
- The metabolic consequences of evoked spreading depolarization in brain slices.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Correlation of Routine Admission Inflammatory Biomarkers with Individual Traumatic Brain Lesion Types in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Hospital mortality, withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy decisions and early secondary brain insults for critically ill traumatic brain injury patients in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (2009-2024): an observational cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Blood Glucose as a Prognostic Predictor of Traumatic Brain Injury in Patients That Underwent Surgical Intervention.Korean journal of neurotrauma · 2026Article
- A Nationwide Analysis of Diabetes Mellitus and Intracranial Injuries: No Impact on Mortality but Prolonged Hospital Stays in Germany.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Traumatic brain injury exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction in APP/PS1 knock-in mice through time-dependent pathways.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Mid-infrared spectroscopy on a fiber tip for molecular monitoring.Optical engineering (Redondo Beach, Calif.) · 2025Article
- Postoperative hyperglycemia in patients with traumatic brain injury: development of a prediction model.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- New insights into metabolism dysregulation after TBI.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Development and validation of a risk prediction model for feeding intolerance in neurocritical patients with enteral nutrition.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Hyperglycemia disrupted the integrity of the blood-brain barrier following diffuse axonal injury through the sEH/NF-κB pathway.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Article
- Association between time of onset and Omicron BA.2 RNA clearance time in children: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2023Article
- Acute effects of single and repeated mild traumatic brain injury on levels of neurometabolites, lipids, and mitochondrial function in male rats.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Article
- A Nomogram Prediction Model for Clinical Outcome of Trauma-induced Coagulopathy Patients with Severe Multiple Trauma.Journal of emergencies, trauma, and shockArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBlood glucose levels that are too high or too low after traumatic brain injury (TBI) negatively affect patient prognosis. This study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between blood glucose levels and the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) in TBI patients.
methodsThis study was based on a randomized, dual-center, open-label clinical trial. A total of 208 patients who participated in the randomized controlled trial were followed up for 5 years. Information on the disease, laboratory examination, insulin therapy, and surgery for patients with TBI was collected as candidate variables according to clinical importance. Additionally, data on 5-year and 6-month GOS were collected as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. For multivariate analysis, a generalized additive model (GAM) was used to investigate relationships between blood glucose levels and GOS. The results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We further applied a two- piecewise linear regression model to examine the threshold effect of blood glucose level and GOS.
resultsA total of 182 patients were included in the final analysis. Multivariate GAM analysis revealed that a bell-shaped relationship existed between average blood glucose level and 5-year GOS score or 6-month GOS score. The inflection points of the average blood glucose level were 8.81 (95% CI: 7.43-9.48) mmol/L considering 5-year GOS as the outcome and were 8.88 (95% CI 7.43-9.74) mmol/L considering 6-month GOS score as the outcome. The same analysis revealed that there was also a bell relationship between average blood glucose levels and the favorable outcome group (GOS score ≥ 4) at 5 years or 6 months.
conclusionIn a population of patients with traumatic brain injury, blood glucose levels were associated with the GOS. There was also a threshold effect between blood glucose levels and the GOS. A blood glucose level that is either too high or too low conveys a poor prognosis.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02161055 . Registered on 11 June 2014.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.