ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2022
Neighborhood greenspace exposure as a protective factor in dementia risk among U.S. adults 75 years or older: a cohort study.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Residential green spaces and neurodegenerative diseases in middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Pooled it
- Association between green space exposure and elderly health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of neighborhood built environment on cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review.BMC geriatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Is Greenness Associated with Dementia? A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis.Current environmental health reports · 2022Pooled it
- Exposome-wide association study and predictive risk score for incident Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Neighborhood Disadvantage and Dementia Risk Among Older Patients With Kidney Failure: Differences by Race/Ethnicity and Urbanicity.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Precision residential greenspace, urban environmental exposures, and incident dementia among older adults in Sweden: A 16-year cohort study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Associations between systemic inflammation, neighborhood tree canopy, and white matter hyperintensities: The healthy brain initiative.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- [Modifiable risk and protective factors for dementia: an overview of established and emerging evidence].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026Review
- Driving the neural exposome: Latent mobility states from naturalistic GPS data in older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Integrating the physical environment into Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease related dementias research: A Gateway Exposome Coordinating Center (GECC) agenda on gaps and priorities.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Higher neighborhood deprivation is associated with accelerated disease progression in behavioral-variant frontotemporal degeneration.Alzheimer's & dementia. Behavior & socioeconomics of aging · 2025Article
- Socio-environmental and health-related factors and their association with longitudinal change in brain neuroimaging markers through the plasma metabolome among UK adults: An additive Bayesian network analysis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Greenness and hospital admissions for cause specific mental disorders: multicountry time series study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Article
- Higher neighborhood deprivation is associated with accelerated disease progression in behavioral-variant frontotemporal degeneration.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Social determinants of dementia: A scoping review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Association of environmental exposome and cognitive function among older adults with and without preclinical Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Article
- Why Your Brain Needs a Walk in the Park: Residential Greenspaces as the Next Frontier in Brain Research and Treatment.Annals of neurosciences · 2024Article
- The use of Enhanced Vegetation Index for assessing access to different types of green space in epidemiological studies.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundResearch suggests that greenspace may confer neurocognitive benefits. This study examines whether residential greenspace is associated with risk of dementia among older adults.
methodsGreenspace exposure was computed for 3047 participants aged 75 years and older enrolled in the Gingko Evaluation of Memory Study (GEMS) across four U.S. sites that prospectively evaluated dementia and its subtypes, Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and mixed pathologies, using neuropsychiatric evaluations between 2000 and 2008. After geocoding participant residences at baseline, three greenspace metrics-Normalized Difference Vegetative Index, percent park overlap within a 2-km radius, and linear distance to nearest park-were combined to create a composite residential greenspace measure categorized into tertiles. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the associations between baseline greenspace and risk of incident all-cause dementia, AD, and Mixed/VaD.
resultsCompared to low residential greenspace, high residential greenspace was associated with a reduced risk of dementia (HR = 0.76 95% CI: 0.59,0.98) in models adjusted for multiple covariates. After additional adjustment for behavioral characteristics, Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 status, and other covariates, the association was slightly attenuated (HR = 0.82; 95% CI:0.63,1.06). Those exposed to medium levels of greenspace also had 28% lower risk (HR = 0.72; CI: 0.55, 0.95) of dementia compared to those with low greenspace in adjusted models. Subtype associations between high residential greenspace and AD were not statistically significant. Greenspace was not found to be significantly associated with mixed/vascular pathologies.
conclusionsThis study showed evidence for an association between residential greenspace and all-cause dementia among older adults. Future research with larger sample size, precise characterization of different dementia subtypes, and assessment of residential greenspace earlier in life may help clarify the role between exposure to greenspace and dementia risk.
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Registered trials
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