Trial reportThe Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases
Chlorhexidine gluconate bathing of adult patients in intensive care units in São Paulo, Brazil: Impact on the incidence of healthcare-associated infection.
Trial report in The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Healthcare-Associated Infection Causes and Mitigation Strategies:Saudi medical journal · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of daily bathing with 2% chlorhexidine compared to bathing with soap and water on risk of death, clinical severity, and intensive care unit length of stay in critically ill patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- Practice guideline on the prevention and treatment of central line-associated bloodstream infection: Part 2 - Treatment.Journal of intensive medicine · 2026Article
- Effect of bathing with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate every other day on healthcare-associated infections in the medical intensive care unit.Infection prevention in practice · 2026Article
- Daily Chlorhexidine Bathing for the Prevention of Nosocomial Infections in Critically Ill Patients (CLEAN-IT): a multicentre, cluster-randomised, crossover trial.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- The Change in Healthcare-Associated Infections in Intensive Care Units Associated with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Taiwan.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Can chlorhexidine gluconate baths reduce fungal colonisation in intensive care unit patients?Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
- Implementation of 2% Chlorhexidine Bathing to Reduce Healthcare-Associated Infections Among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Plumbagin enhances antimicrobial and anti-biofilm capacities of chlorhexidine against clinicalMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Chlorhexidine susceptibility and Eagle effect in planktonic cells and biofilm of nosocomial isolates.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2023Article
- Safe practices for bed bathing in the intensive care unit: validation of a checklist.Revista brasileira de enfermagem · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is an increasing use of daily chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) bathing to decrease healthcare associated infections (HAI). Daily bathing of patients with CHG has been successfully used to prevent multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) HAI in intensive care units (ICU).
methodsThis was a 12-month, single-center, open, cluster randomized trial, conducted at four ICUs of the University Hospital of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Unifesp, Brazil. ICUs were randomized to either perform daily bathing of the patients with pH neutral soap and water - control units, or daily bathing with 2% CHG detergent solution - intervention units. We evaluated the incidence density rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing enterobacteria HAI, and death in the intervention and control units.
resultsA total of 1,640 admissions of 1,487 patients occurred during the study period (41.2% control group, and 58.8% intervention group). Incidence density rates of KPC-producing enterobacteria HAI were 5.01 and 2.25 infections/1000 patient-days in the control units and in the intervention units (p = 0.013) and mortality rates were 28.7% and 18.7% in the control units and in the intervention units (p<0.001), respectively. No difference between groups was observed in CLABSI incidence (p = 0.125), VAP incidence (p = 0.247) and CAUTI incidence (p = 0.435). No serious skin reactions were noted in either study group. Daily 2% CHG detergent solution bathing is a feasible, low cost option for HAI prevention in ICU.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.