ArticleOncology and therapy2022
Addition of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors to Chemotherapy vs Chemotherapy Alone as First-Line Treatment in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Article in Oncology and therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The Optimal First-Line Therapy for Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer Based on Liver Metastasis Status: A Network Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.Cancer medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Review
- Real-world serplulimab plus chemotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer in china: an external validation of ASTRUM-005 trial.BMC medicine · 2026Observational
- Peripheral immune cell subsets as potential predictors of benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy in small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy: Mechanism and Therapeutic Advances.MedComm · 2025Review
- Distribution characteristics and prognosis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the brain metastases of small cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study.Translational cancer research · 2024Article
- Article
- Real-world impact of the introduction of chemo-immunotherapy in extended small cell lung cancer: a multicentric analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- AntigeneCancers · 2023Article
- Immunotherapy and brain metastasis in lung cancer: connecting bench side science to the clinic.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Adebrelimab plus chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy for treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer from the US and Chinese healthcare sector perspectives: a cost-effectiveness analysis to inform drug pricing.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Immunotherapy of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Any Role for the Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells?Cancers · 2022Review
- Efficacy evaluation of surgery combined with chemotherapy for stage IIIA small cell lung cancer patients: a retrospective analysis.Translational lung cancer research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 12 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to conventional chemotherapy (CT) as first-line treatment improves survival in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the relative efficacy of first-line ICIs compared with CT in patients with ES-SCLC.
methodsTwo independent reviewers extracted relevant data according to PRISMA guidelines and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk-of-bias tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models to calculate an average effect size for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and safety outcomes in the overall populations and clinically relevant subgroups.
resultsA literature search of PubMed and Embase was performed. Six randomized controlled clinical trials (IMpower133, CHECKMATE-451, CASPIAN, KEYNOTE-604, and phase II and III ipilimumab plus CT trials) with a total of 3757 patients were included. Compared with CT alone, ICIs plus CT showed a favourable effect on OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.85; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.79-0.96) and PFS (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.72-0.83) but a non-significant increase in the risk of experiencing any adverse event (relative risk, 1.05; 95% CI 0.99-1.11). The estimated HR for OS favoured ICI combinations in all planned subgroups according to age (< 65 years/≥ 65 years), sex (men/women), and ECOG performance status (0/1). Analysis by specific ICI revealed significant improvements in OS only for atezolizumab + CT (HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.09-1.69) and durvalumab + CT (HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.12-1.62) compared with CT alone.
conclusionCombining anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 antibodies with platinum/etoposide is a superior therapeutic approach compared to CT alone for the first-line treatment of patients with ES-SCLC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.