SynthesisCritical care (London, England)2022
The prognostic utility of protein C as a biomarker for adult sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Critical care (London, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the prognosis and risk of death for adult sepsis patients: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis in infants and young children with severe pneumonia and sepsis: a matched case-control study identifying potential biomarkers for early risk stratification.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Large language models in emergency and critical care medicine: a comprehensive review of applications, challenges, and future directions.Burns & trauma · 2026Review
- Revisiting the Concept of DIC: A Phenotype-guided Framework for Modern Hemostatic Medicine.Juntendo medical journal · 2026Review
- The association between week-one red blood cell distribution width and one-year survival in critically ill patients: propensity score-based multicenter analysis.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Sepsis-related immune signature C3 in endometrial carcinoma: implications for prognosis, tumor progression through bioinformatics and experimental validation.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Protein C in adult patients with sepsis: from pathophysiology to monitoring and supplementation.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Pathogenesis and Anticoagulation Treatment of Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Evaluating the influence MRSA Co-infection on 28-day mortality among sepsis patients: insights from the MIMIC-IV database.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- A novel, rapid, and practical prognostic model for sepsis patients based on dysregulated immune cell lactylation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Association between red blood cell distribution width and 30-day mortality in critically ill septic patients: a propensity score-matched study.Journal of intensive care · 2024Article
- Sepsis Biomarkers: Advancements and Clinical Applications-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Association Between Plasma Levels of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) and 28-Day Mortality in Elderly Patients with Sepsis: A Retrospective Single-Center Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Article
- Multilevel omics for the discovery of biomarkers in pediatric sepsis.Pediatric investigation · 2023Review
- Inflammatory mechanisms and intervention strategies for sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- Extracellular Vesicles of COVID-19 Patients Reflect Inflammation, Thrombogenicity, and Disease Severity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Causal Effects of Inflammation and Coagulation-Related Biomarkers on Sepsis-Related Complications: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/HemostasisArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSepsis, the dysregulated host response to infection, triggers abnormal pro-coagulant and pro-inflammatory host responses. Limitations in early disease intervention highlight the need for effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Protein C's role as an anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory molecule makes it an appealing target for sepsis biomarker studies. This meta-analysis aims to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of protein C (PC) as a biomarker for adult sepsis.
methodsWe searched MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Library from database inception to September 12, 2021. We included prospective observational studies of (1) adult patients (> 17) with sepsis or suspicion of sepsis that; (2) measured PC levels with 24 h of study admission with; and (3) the goal of examining PC as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker. Two authors screened articles and conducted risk of bias (RoB) assessment, using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) and the Quality Assessment in Diagnostic Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tools. If sufficient data were available, meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) between patient populations.
resultsTwelve studies were included, and 8 were synthesized for meta-analysis. Pooled analysis demonstrated moderate certainty of evidence that PC levels were less reduced in sepsis survivors compared to non-survivors (6 studies, 741 patients, SMD = 0.52, 95% CI 0.24-0.81, p = 0.0003, I CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Our review demonstrates that PC levels were significantly higher in sepsis survivors compared to non-survivors and patients with sepsis but not disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Our evaluation is limited by high RoB in included studies and poor reporting of the sensitivity and specificity of PC as a sepsis biomarker. Future studies are needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of PC to identify its clinical significance as a biomarker for early sepsis recognition. Trial Registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021229786. The study protocol was published in BMJ Open.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.