Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35031000›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2022

Prevalence of risk behaviors and correlates of SARS-CoV-2 positivity among in-school contacts of confirmed cases in a Georgia school district in the pre-vaccine era, December 2020-January 2021.

Marisa Hast, Megan Swanson, Colleen Scott, Emeka Oraka, Catherine Espinosa, Eleanor Burnett, Esther A Kukielka, Marion E Rice, Lemlem Mehari, Jazmyn McCloud and 5 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Effectiveness of face masks for reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a rapid systematic review.Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences · 2023
    Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Atencion primaria · 2023
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Marisa HastCDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, 30329, Atlanta, GA, USA. ium1@cdc.gov.
Megan SwansonCDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, 30329, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Colleen ScottCDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, 30329, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Emeka OrakaCDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, 30329, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Catherine EspinosaCDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, 30329, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Eleanor BurnettCDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, 30329, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Esther A KukielkaCDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, 30329, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Marion E RiceCDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, 30329, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Lemlem MehariCobb & Douglas Public Health, 1650 County Services Pkwy, 30008, Marietta, GA, USA.
Jazmyn McCloudCobb & Douglas Public Health, 1650 County Services Pkwy, 30008, Marietta, GA, USA.
Danielle MillerGeorgia Public Health Laboratory, 1749 Clairmont Rd, 30033, Decatur, GA, USA.
Rachel FranklinCobb & Douglas Public Health, 1650 County Services Pkwy, 30008, Marietta, GA, USA.
Jacqueline E TateCDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, 30329, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Hannah L KirkingCDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, 30329, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Elana MorrisCDC COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, 30329, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · USGeneral Dynamics (United Kingdom) · GBGeorgia Department of Public Health · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is a continuing risk for COVID-19 transmission in school settings while transmission is ongoing in the community, particularly among unvaccinated populations. To ensure that schools continue to operate safely and to inform implementation of prevention strategies, it is imperative to gain better understanding of the risk behaviors of staff and students. This secondary analysis describes the prevalence of COVID-19 risk behaviors in an exposed population of students and school staff in the pre-vaccine era and identifies associations between these behaviors and testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.

methodsFrom December 2020-January 2021, school staff and students exposed to confirmed COVID-19 cases in a Georgia school district were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and surveyed regarding risk behaviors in and out of school. Prevalence of risk behaviors was described by age group and school level, and associations with SARS-CoV-2 positivity were identified using chi squared tests.

resultsOverall, 717 students and 79 school staff participated in the investigation; SARS-CoV-2 positivity was 9.2%. In the 2 weeks prior to COVID-19 exposure, 24% of participants reported unmasked indoor time at school, 40% attended social gatherings with non-household members, and 71% visited out-of-school indoor locations, including 19% who ate indoors in restaurants. Frequencies of risk behaviors increased by age. Among students, 17% participated in school sports, of whom 86% participated without a mask. SARS-CoV-2 positivity was significantly associated with school sports and unmasked time in sports. Among K-5 students, positivity was associated with exposure to a teacher index case.

conclusionsThis analysis highlights the high prevalence of risk behaviors in an unvaccinated population exposed to COVID-19 in school and identifies an association between student sports participation and SARS-CoV-2 positivity. These findings illustrate the importance of school-level prevention measures to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission, including limiting close-contact indoor sports and promoting consistent mask use in unvaccinated individuals. Future research could explore the role of community vaccination programs as a strategy to reduce COVID-19 transmission and introductions into school settings.

Indexed as

COVID-19VaccinesGeorgiaHumansPrevalenceRisk-TakingSARS-CoV-2SchoolsVaccinesBehavioral epidemiologyBehaviorsChildrenCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2SchoolsStudents

Identifiers

PMID35031000
PMCPMC8759220
OpenAlexW4206106764

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.