ArticleLasers in medical science2022
Diagnosing COVID-19 in human serum using Raman spectroscopy.
Article in Lasers in medical science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Combining label-free Raman spectroscopy with machine learning to monitor COVID-19 disease from acute infection to recovery.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Article
- Combining label-free Raman spectroscopy and machine learning to identify early biomarkers of COVID-19 disease severity and mortality.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Article
- Detection of Respiratory Disease Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering and Multivariate Analysis of Human Serum.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Sensing the Future-Frontiers in Biosensors: Exploring Classifications, Principles, and Recent Advances.ACS omega · 2024Review
- Utility of Raman Spectroscopy in Pulmonary Medicine.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2024Review
- Raman-Based Techniques in Medical Applications for Diagnostic Tasks: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Diagnosing COVID-19 in nasopharyngeal secretion through Raman spectroscopy: a feasibility study.Lasers in medical science · 2023Article
- Label-Free SERS for Rapid Differentiation of SARS-CoV-2-Induced Serum Metabolic Profiles in Non-Hospitalized Adults.Analytical chemistry · 2023Article
- Identify the Virus-like Models for COVID-19 as Bio-Threats: Combining Phage Display, Spectral Detection and Algorithms Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Hybrid use of Raman spectroscopy and artificial neural networks to discriminate Mycobacterium bovis BCG and other Mycobacteriales.PloS one · 2023Article
- Raman and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques for detection of coronavirus (COVID-19): a mini review.Frontiers in chemistry · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 severity classification from plasma sample using confocal Raman spectroscopy.Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS · 2023Article
- Biochemical Analysis of Urine Samples from Diabetic and Hypertensive Patients without Renal Dysfunction Using Spectrophotometry and Raman Spectroscopy Techniques Aiming Classification and Diagnosis.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Visual diagnosis of COVID-19 disease based on serum metabolites using a paper-based electronic tongue.Analytica chimica acta · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study proposed the diagnosis of COVID-19 by means of Raman spectroscopy. Samples of blood serum from 10 patients positive and 10 patients negative for COVID-19 by RT-PCR RNA and ELISA tests were analyzed. Raman spectra were obtained with a dispersive Raman spectrometer (830 nm, 350 mW) in triplicate, being submitted to exploratory analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the spectral differences and discriminant analysis with PCA (PCA-DA) and partial least squares (PLS-DA) for classification of the blood serum spectra into Control and COVID-19. The spectra of both groups positive and negative for COVID-19 showed peaks referred to the basal constitution of the serum (mainly albumin). The difference spectra showed decrease in the peaks referred to proteins and amino acids for the group positive. PCA variables showed more detailed spectral differences related to the biochemical alterations due to the COVID-19 such as increase in lipids, nitrogen compounds (urea and amines/amides) and nucleic acids, and decrease of proteins and amino acids (tryptophan) in the COVID-19 group. The discriminant analysis applied to the principal component loadings (PC2, PC4, PC5, and PC6) could classify spectra with 87% sensitivity and 100% specificity compared to 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity indicated in the RT-PCR kit leaflet, demonstrating the possibilities of a rapid, label-free, and costless technique for diagnosing COVID-19 infection.
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