ArticleNature immunology2022
Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article in Nature immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07757620 (Epigenetic Changes in Long COVID Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 627 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Epigenetic Changes in Long COVID Patients: Unraveling the Gut-Immune Axis and Therapeutic Targets
Who cites it
627 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 961 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathophysiological mechanisms of post-exertional malaise: an integrative analysis based on the metabolism-immune-neuro interaction model.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Dyspnea and Chronic Fatigue in Patients With Long COVID: Clinical Characteristics and Associated Laboratory Parameters.Pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Symptom Trajectories and Clinical Subtypes in Post-COVID-19 Condition: Systematic Review and Clustering Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of long COVID on physical and cardiorespiratory parameters: A systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Immunological effects of supervised exercise in long COVID in adults: A secondary analysis of a randomized crossover trial.Physiological reports · 2026Trial
- Plasma exchange therapy for the post COVID-19 condition: a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Exercise rehabilitation in post COVID-19 patients: a randomized controlled trial of different training modalities.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2025Trial
- The real-world economic impact of herpes zoster disease in patients with selected underlying conditions in Spain.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Observational
- Associations of Pre-Pandemic CKD With Acute and Post-Acute COVID-19: The C4R Study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2026Article
- Spike Protein at the Crossroads of Long-COVID and Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Syndromes: A Cardio-Hematological Perspective.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- BLIMP-1 and CD39 expression define human effector memory regulatory T cells in blood and recall responses to viruses.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- β-Cell Dysfunction in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Syndrome: Molecular Mechanisms Linking Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Insulin Secretion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Long-term angiogenic and thromboinflammatory signatures in post-COVID-19 syndrome.Angiogenesis · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Is Airborne AIDS: Provocative Oversimplification, Emerging Science, or Something in Between?AJPM focus · 2026Review
- Article
- Alpha-synuclein at the crossroads of host-virus interactions: immunological roles beyond the nervous system.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Neurological impairment in long COVID: implications for neurodegenerative disease.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Long-term ocular symptoms following COVID-19 linked to immune dysregulation, dysautonomia and peripheral neuropathy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Clinical rationale for thymic restoration in adult immunosenescence.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Review
- Autoimmune diseases in the era of COVID-19: emerging mechanisms, clinical implications, vaccine considerations, and future directions.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
567 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A proportion of patients surviving acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection develop post-acute COVID syndrome (long COVID (LC)) lasting longer than 12 weeks. Here, we studied individuals with LC compared to age- and gender-matched recovered individuals without LC, unexposed donors and individuals infected with other coronaviruses. Patients with LC had highly activated innate immune cells, lacked naive T and B cells and showed elevated expression of type I IFN (IFN-β) and type III IFN (IFN-λ1) that remained persistently high at 8 months after infection. Using a log-linear classification model, we defined an optimal set of analytes that had the strongest association with LC among the 28 analytes measured. Combinations of the inflammatory mediators IFN-β, PTX3, IFN-γ, IFN-λ2/3 and IL-6 associated with LC with 78.5-81.6% accuracy. This work defines immunological parameters associated with LC and suggests future opportunities for prevention and treatment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.