ArticleBMJ global health2022
Impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on adolescent pregnancy and school dropout among secondary schoolgirls in Kenya.
Article in BMJ global health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03051789 (Menstrual Cups and Cash Transfer to Reduce Sexual and Reproductive Harm and School Dropout in Adolescent Schoolgirls in Western Kenya), which is not on this map. Cited by 70 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Menstrual Cups and Cash Transfer to Reduce Sexual and Reproductive Harm and School Dropout in Adolescent Schoolgirls in Western Kenya: a Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Teenage pregnancy and its associated factors through COVID-19 in East Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Association between public health emergencies and sexual and reproductive health, gender-based violence, and early marriage among adolescent girls: a rapid review.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Timing of menstrual cups to prevent transition from optimal to not optimal vaginal microbiome community state type: Results from a 6.5-year prospective observational cohort.Research square · 2026Article
- Safer at school? Experiences of families on school closure during COVID-19 in an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya.International health · 2026Article
- Determinants of Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Among Young Mothers Living with HIV: The Role of Early Motherhood.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Toward a decent learning theory: a structural-psychological framework for understanding students' appraisals of learning.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Global Excess Burden of Pregnancy-Related Adverse Outcomes Among Women of Reproductive Age During the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Article
- Mapping the evidence on interventions for addressing teenage pregnancy: a scoping review of systematic reviews protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Evaluation of large language models within GenAI in qualitative research.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Accelerators for improved health among adolescent mothers in South Africa: HIV and violence prevention, sexual reproductive health and education success.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on unintended pregnancies among adolescent girls and young women in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Adolescent marriage, maternity, and limited access to education in 106 countries: Bayesian analysis of prevalence, trend, and prediction.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring Adolescents' Contraceptive Preferences and Trade-Offs: Findings From a Discrete Choice Experiment in Kenya.Studies in family planning · 2025Article
- COVID-19, school closures and the retreat from educational aspirations.Journal of adolescence · 2025Article
- Psychometric validation of the Indonesian verbal abuse questionnaire (I-VAQ) for adolescents using rasch analysis.Journal of education and health promotion · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence and predictors of depressive symptoms among school-going adolescents in Kenya.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- 'Better she gets infected by other diseases but not pregnancy'. Narratives from adolescent girls and community males following pregnancy escalation during COVID-19 lockdown.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionSecondary school closures aimed at limiting the number of infections and deaths due to COVID-19 may have amplified the negative sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and schooling outcomes of vulnerable adolescent girls. This study aimed to measure pandemic-related effects on adolescent pregnancy and school dropout among school-going girls in Kenya.
methodsWe report longitudinal findings of 910 girls in their last 2 years of secondary school. The study took place in 12 secondary day schools in rural western Kenya between 2018 and 2021. Using a causal-comparative design, we compared SRH and schooling outcomes among 403 girls who graduated after completion of their final school examinations in November 2019 pre-pandemic with 507 girls who experienced disrupted schooling due to COVID-19 and sat examinations in March 2021. Unadjusted and adjusted generalised linear mixed models were used to investigate the effect of COVID-19-related school closures and restrictions on all outcomes of interest and on incident pregnancy.
resultsAt study initiation, the mean age of participants was 17.2 (IQR: 16.4-17.9) for girls in the pre-COVID-19 cohort and 17.5 (IQR: 16.5-18.4) for girls in the COVID-19 cohort. Girls experiencing COVID-19 containment measures had twice the risk of falling pregnant prior to completing secondary school after adjustment for age, household wealth and orphanhood status (adjusted risk ratio (aRR)=2.11; 95% CI:1.13 to 3.95, p=0.019); three times the risk of school dropout (aRR=3.03; 95% CI: 1.55 to 5.95, p=0.001) and 3.4 times the risk of school transfer prior to examinations (aRR=3.39; 95% CI: 1.70 to 6.77, p=0.001) relative to pre-COVID-19 learners. Girls in the COVID-19 cohort were more likely to be sexually active (aRR=1.28; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.51, p=0.002) and less likely to report their first sex as desired (aRR=0.49; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.65, p<0.001). These girls reported increased hours of non-school-related work (3.32 hours per day vs 2.63 hours per day in the pre-COVID-19 cohort, aRR=1.92; 95% CI: 1.92 to 2.99, p=0.004). In the COVID-19 cohort, 80.5% reported worsening household economic status and COVID-19-related stress was common.
conclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic deleteriously affected the SRH of girls and amplified school transfer and dropout. Appropriate programmes and interventions that help buffer the effects of population-level emergencies on school-going adolescents are warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03051789.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.