ArticleBMJ open2022
HIV testing behaviour and associated factors in men who have sex with men by level of urbanisation: a cross-sectional study in the Netherlands.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Promoting HIV-Testing Amongst Gay, Bisexual and Other Men who have Sex with Men in Amsterdam: Systematic Co-creation and Pilot Testing of a Novel Web-Based Intervention.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Men who have sex with men newly diagnosed with HIV-1 in Portugal (2023-2024): a comparative analysis of transmission clusters between migrants and non-migrants.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Implementation of Home-Based Sexual Health Care Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: Limburg4zero.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Predictors of HIV testing adherence among men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Standardly Trained Peer Volunteer-Led, Social App Recruiting-Based Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Strategy Using Rapid Testing Kits (SPARK) Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Population-Based Survey Evaluation.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Determinants of HIV Testing Among Migrant Men Who Have Sex With Men from Sub-Saharan Africa and Other Regions Residing in 10 European Countries.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Determinants of HIV late presentation among men who have sex with men in Portugal (2014-2019): who's being left behind?Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Newly diagnosed HIV and use of HIV-PrEP among non-western born MSM attending STI clinics in the Netherlands: a large retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- PrEP Use in Times of COVID-19 in the Netherlands: Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) on PrEP Test Less for HIV and Renal Functioning During a COVID-19 Related Lockdown.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Mpox vaccination willingness, determinants, and communication needs in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, in the context of limited vaccine availability in the Netherlands (Dutch Mpox-survey).Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesRegular HIV testing in men who have sex with men (MSM) enables timely entry into care and reduces the likelihood of HIV transmission. We aimed to assess HIV-testing behaviour and associated factors in MSM by urbanisation of place of residence.
designData were derived from online survey ('Men & Sexuality') in the Netherlands, which was mainly advertised on social media (Facebook and Instagram), dating websites, apps for MSM (Grindr and PlanetRomeo) and gay media. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: HIV testing was defined as recent (<1 year), not recent (≥1 year) or never. Using multinominal regression analyses, factors associated with not recent testing and never testing, compared with recent testing, were assessed among MSM living in highly (>2500 residences/km
participantsThe study sample included 3815 MSM, currently living in the Netherlands. The mean age was 36 years (SD 14.7), and 67.6% were highly educated.
resultsIn highly urbanised areas, 11.8% was never and 19.8% was not recently HIV-tested. In non-highly urbanised areas, this was 25.2% and 19.6%. Among MSM living in highly urbanised areas, independently associated with never and not recent testing were younger age, self-identification as bisexual, fewer sex partners, never notified of HIV and no recent condomless anal intercourse. Among MSM living in non-highly urbanised areas, lower perceived HIV severity, higher perceived HIV risk and a lower proportion gay friends were associated with never and not recent testing. Among never tested MSM, those in non-highly urbanised areas preferred self-sampling/self-testing over facility-based testing; those in highly urbanised areas preferred testing at healthcare facilities.
conclusionsThe proportion of never tested MSM was high (25%) in non-highly urbanised areas in the Netherlands. MSM living in non-highly urbanised areas may possibly be reached with targeted approaches to increase HIV testing uptake such as self-testing/self-sampling strategies.
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