ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2022
Plasma Lipocalin 2 in Alzheimer's disease: potential utility in the differential diagnosis and relationship with other biomarkers.
Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Immune-Chemokine Axis in Alzheimer's Disease: Roles of Adaptive Immune System in Neuroinflammation and Disease Progression.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Reduced plasma TIA-1: bridging established pathology and novel biomarker potential.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Multiple Antibody-Coated Gold Nanoparticle-Based ExoAssay for Rapid Isolation of CNS-Specific Exosomes From Blood.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Article
- Inflammatory Bridges: Interconnections Between Alzheimer's Disease and Bone Health.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Sleep loss-induced oncogenic pathways are mediated via the neuron-specific interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (AcPb).Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Ablation of lipocalin-2 reduces neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Krabbe disease.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Crosstalk between bone and brain in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, applications, and perspectives.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Review
- Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: insights from peripheral immune cells.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Review
- Structure, Functions, and Implications of Selected Lipocalins in Human Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Fluid biomarkers of the neurovascular unit in cerebrovascular disease and vascular cognitive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLipocalin-2 is a glycoprotein that is involved in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. In the brain, it is expressed in response to vascular and other brain injury, as well as in Alzheimer's disease in reactive microglia and astrocytes. Plasma Lipocalin-2 has been proposed as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease but available data is scarce and inconsistent. Thus, we evaluated plasma Lipocalin-2 in the context of Alzheimer's disease, differential diagnoses, other biomarkers, and clinical data.
methodsFor this two-center case-control study, we analyzed Lipocalin-2 concentrations in plasma samples from a cohort of n = 407 individuals. The diagnostic groups comprised Alzheimer's disease (n = 74), vascular dementia (n = 28), other important differential diagnoses (n = 221), and healthy controls (n = 84). Main results were validated in an independent cohort with patients with Alzheimer's disease (n = 19), mild cognitive impairment (n = 27), and healthy individuals (n = 28).
resultsPlasma Lipocalin-2 was significantly lower in Alzheimer's disease compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001) and all other groups (p < 0.01) except for mixed dementia (vascular and Alzheimer's pathologic changes). Areas under the curve from receiver operation characteristics for the discrimination of Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls were 0.783 (95%CI: 0.712-0.855) in the study cohort and 0.766 (95%CI: 0.627-0.905) in the validation cohort. The area under the curve for Alzheimer's disease versus vascular dementia was 0.778 (95%CI: 0.667-0.890) in the study cohort. In Alzheimer's disease patients, plasma Lipocalin2 did not show significant correlation with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration and AD-related pathology (total-tau, phosphorylated tau protein, and beta-amyloid 1-42), cognitive status (Mini Mental Status Examination scores), APOE genotype, or presence of white matter hyperintensities. Interestingly, Lipocalin 2 was lower in patients with rapid disease course compared to patients with non-rapidly progressive Alzheimer's disease (p = 0.013).
conclusionsPlasma Lipocalin-2 has potential as a diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer's disease and seems to be independent from currently employed biomarkers.
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