ArticleBMC cancer2022
An exploration of immunohistochemistry-based prognostic markers in patients undergoing curative resections for colon cancer.
Article in BMC cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic significance of HLA-G in patients with colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis.BMC cancer · 2023Pooled it
- Prognostic value of human leukocyte antigen G expression in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Discovery of XNW5004 as a novel EZH2 inhibitor that enhances anti-tumor immunity and synergizes with PD-1 blockade immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of manual and digital PD-L1 expression in pT3 and pT4 colon cancer.Diagnostic pathology · 2025Article
- CANDiT: A machine learning framework for differentiation therapy in colorectal cancer.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Automated multi-regional IHC scoring enhances prognostication in colorectal cancer.The journal of pathology. Clinical research · 2025Article
- A brief review of Lynch syndrome: understanding the dual cancer risk between endometrial and colorectal cancer.Oncology reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- Harnessing the potential of HLA-G in cancer therapy: advances, challenges, and prospects.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe immune system recognizes and destroys cancer cells. However, cancer cells develop mechanisms to avoid detection by expressing cell surface proteins. Specific tumour cell surface proteins (e.g. HLA-G, PD-L1, CDX2) either alone or in combination with the relative presence of immune cells (CD3 and CD8 positive T-cells) in the tumour tissue may describe the cancer cells' ability to escape eradication by the immune system. The aim was to investigate the prognostic value of immunohistochemical markers in patients with colon cancer.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective study including patients diagnosed with pT3 and pT4 colon cancers. Immunohistochemical staining with HLA-G, PD-L1, CDX2, CD3, and CD8 was performed on tissue samples with representation of the invasive margin. PD-L1 expression in tumour cells and immune cells was reported conjointly. The expression of CD3 and CD8 was reported as a merged score based on the expression of both markers in the invasive margin and the tumour centre. Subsequently, a combined marker score was established based on all of the markers. Each marker added one point to the score when unfavourable immunohistochemical features was present, and the score was categorized as low, intermediate or high depending on the number of unfavourable stains. Hazard ratios for recurrence, disease-free survival and mortality were calculated.
resultsWe included 188 patients undergoing colon cancer resections in 2011-2012. The median follow-up was 41.7 months, during which 41 (21.8%) patients had recurrence and 74 (39.4%) died. In multivariable regression analysis positive HLA-G expression (HR = 3.37, 95%CI [1.64-6.93]) was associated with higher recurrence rates, while a preserved CDX2 expression (HR = 0.23, 95%CI [0.06-0.85]) was associated with a lower risk of recurrence. An intermediate or high combined marker score was associated with increased recurrence rates (HR = 20.53, 95%CI [2.68-157.32] and HR = 7.56, 95%CI [1.06-54.16], respectively). Neither high expression of PD-L1 nor high CD3-CD8 score was significantly associated with recurrence rates. Patients with a high CD3-CD8 score had a significantly longer DFS and OS.
conclusionsIn tumour cells, expression of HLA-G and loss of CDX2 expression were associated with cancer recurrence. In addition, a combination of certain tumour tissue biomarkers was associated with colorectal cancer recurrence.
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