ArticleBMC public health2022
Association between county-level risk groups and COVID-19 outcomes in the United States: a socioecological study.
Article in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Urban and Rural Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes in the United States: A Systematic Review.Medical care research and review : MCRR · 2025Pooled it
- Machine learning and probabilistic approaches for forecasting infectious disease transmission and cases.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026Article
- Trends in long COVID among US adults, 2022-2024.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- School masking and COVID-19 community transmission: a synthetic control study.Health affairs scholar · 2025Article
- Variation in COVID-19 vaccination and adverse outcomes: a state of Georgia case study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The role of place-based consciousness in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A survey analysis across rural and urban subgroups in the U.S.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Trajectories and patterns of US counties' policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: A sequence analysis approach.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Nowcasting reported covid-19 hospitalizations using de-identified, aggregated medical insurance claims data.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Social-Economic Backgrounds to US County-Based COVID-19 Deaths: PLS-SEM Analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Trends and disparities in deaths among young persons in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic.Annals of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Racial residential segregation and COVID-19 vaccine uptake: an analysis of Georgia USA county-level data.BMC public health · 2023Article
- COVID-19 vaccination and governance in the case of low, middle and high-income countries.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Multimorbidity and social determinants of health in the US prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and implications for health outcomes: a cross-sectional analysis based on NHANES 2017-2018.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Deaths during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from regional patterns in Germany and Poland.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Rural-urban disparities in health outcomes, clinical care, health behaviors, and social determinants of health and an action-oriented, dynamic tool for visualizing them.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- COVID-19 mortality and deprivation: pandemic, syndemic, and endemic health inequalities.The Lancet. Public health · 2022Review
- Exploring spatial distribution of social vulnerability and its relationship with the Coronavirus disease 2019: the Capital region of South Korea.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Predicting COVID-19 county-level case number trend by combining demographic characteristics and social distancing policies.JAMIA open · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGeographic heterogeneity in COVID-19 outcomes in the United States is well-documented and has been linked with factors at the county level, including sociodemographic and health factors. Whether an integrated measure of place-based risk can classify counties at high risk for COVID-19 outcomes is not known.
methodsWe conducted an ecological nationwide analysis of 2,701 US counties from 1/21/20 to 2/17/21. County-level characteristics across multiple domains, including demographic, socioeconomic, healthcare access, physical environment, and health factor prevalence were harmonized and linked from a variety of sources. We performed latent class analysis to identify distinct groups of counties based on multiple sociodemographic, health, and environmental domains and examined the association with COVID-19 cases and deaths per 100,000 population.
resultsAnalysis of 25.9 million COVID-19 cases and 481,238 COVID-19 deaths revealed large between-county differences with widespread geographic dispersion, with the gap in cumulative cases and death rates between counties in the 90
conclusionsCounty-level COVID-19 cases and deaths had substantial disparities with heterogeneous geographic spread across the US. The approach to county-level risk characterization used in this study has the potential to provide novel insights into communicable disease patterns and disparities at the local level.
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