SynthesisNeuroImage. Clinical2022
Leptomeningeal enhancement in multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in NeuroImage. Clinical, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain MRI findings in neurologically symptomatic COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Dura mater enhancement on 3T MRI is associated with cortical lesion burden in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- ODC1 restricts meningeal B cell age-associated-like phenotype and function in multiple sclerosis: A human and experimental study.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Biomarkers for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease: recent advances and future.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Expanding Evidence of Leptomeningeal Involvement in MOGAD and Its Relevance to Its Pathophysiology.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Beyond the leptomeningeal angioma: a comprehensive review of MR imaging features of Sturge-Weber Syndrome, from early vascular responses to tissue necrosis.Pediatric radiology · 2025Review
- Neurodegeneration correlates of iron-related lesions and leptomeningeal inflammation in multiple sclerosis clinical subtypes.Neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Novel serum biomarker associations with 7 Tesla MRI-defined cortical lesions, leptomeningeal enhancement, and deep gray matter volume in early multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Clinical 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging: Impact and patient value in neurological disorders.Journal of internal medicine · 2025Review
- High efficacy therapy to prevent the formation of meningeal tertiary lymphoid organs after CXCL13 index screening in early multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Decoding Gray Matter Involvement in Multiple Sclerosis via Imaging.Neuroimaging clinics of North America · 2024Review
- New Imaging Markers in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders: Smoldering Inflammation and the Central Vein Sign.Neuroimaging clinics of North America · 2024Review
- Advanced MRI Techniques: Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Multiple Sclerosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The contribution of the meningeal immune interface to neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Meningeal contrast enhancement in multiple sclerosis: assessment of field strength, acquisition delay, and clinical relevance.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Imaging of brain barrier inflammation and brain fluid drainage in human neurological diseases.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Review
- The use of 7T MRI in multiple sclerosis: review and consensus statement from the North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Cooperative.Brain communications · 2024Review
- Prognostic relevance of MRI in early relapsing multiple sclerosis: ready to guide treatment decision making?Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2024Review
- Meningeal contrast enhancement in multiple sclerosis: Assessment of field strength, acquisition delay, and clinical relevance.PloS one · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe lack of systematic evidence on leptomeningeal enhancement (LME) on MRI in neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), hampers its interpretation in clinical routine and research settings. PURPOSE: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of MRI LME in MS and other neurological diseases. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn a comprehensive literature search in Medline, Scopus, and Embase, out of 2292 publications, 459 records assessing LME in neurological diseases were eligible for qualitative synthesis. Of these, 135 were included in a random-effects model meta-analysis with subgroup analyses for MS.
resultsOf eligible publications, 161 investigated LME in neoplastic neurological (n = 2392), 91 in neuroinfectious (n = 1890), and 75 in primary neuroinflammatory diseases (n = 4038). The LME-proportions for these disease classes were 0.47 [95%-CI: 0.37-0.57], 0.59 [95%-CI: 0.47-0.69], and 0.26 [95%-CI: 0.20-0.35], respectively. In a subgroup analysis comprising 1605 MS cases, LME proportion was 0.30 [95%-CI 0.21-0.42] with lower proportions in relapsing-remitting (0.19 [95%-CI 0.13-0.27]) compared to progressive MS (0.39 [95%-CI 0.30-0.49], p = 0.002) and higher proportions in studies imaging at 7 T (0.79 [95%-CI 0.64-0.89]) compared to lower field strengths (0.21 [95%-CI 0.15-0.29], p < 0.001). LME in MS was associated with longer disease duration (mean difference 2.2 years [95%-CI 0.2-4.2], p = 0.03), higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (mean difference 0.6 points [95%-CI 0.2-1.0], p = 0.006), higher T1 (mean difference 1.6 ml [95%-CI 0.1-3.0], p = 0.04) and T2 lesion load (mean difference 5.9 ml [95%-CI 3.2-8.6], p < 0.001), and lower cortical volume (mean difference -21.3 ml [95%-CI -34.7--7.9], p = 0.002).
conclusionsOur study provides high-grade evidence for the substantial presence of LME in MS and a comprehensive panel of other neurological diseases. Our data could facilitate differential diagnosis of LME in clinical settings. Additionally, our meta-analysis corroborates that LME is associated with key clinical and imaging features of MS. PROSPERO No: CRD42021235026.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.