ReviewThe lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology2022
Therapeutic drug monitoring of biologics in inflammatory bowel disease: unmet needs and future perspectives.
Review in The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring exercise modalities and their impact on inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review of rodent colitis models.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Second United Arab Emirates consensus guidance on the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Genetic Variants Associated with Biological Treatment Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- What are the benefits of therapeutic drug monitoring in the optimization of adalimumab therapy? a systematic review and meta-analysis up to 2022.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Flavonoids: Impact on Proinflammatory Cytokine Production: A Systematic Review.Biomolecules · 2023Pooled it
- Determination of correlation of clearance with clinical outcomes for inflammatory bowel disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2026Trial
- Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Advanced Combination Treatment in Patients with Refractory Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- A Novel Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide ScymidgutinProbiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Self-Efficacy as a Mediator Between Medication Adherence and Self-Care in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical nursing · 2026Article
- NADAging cell · 2026Article
- Interpreting Biomarker Discordance in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Beyond Fecal Calprotectin and C-Reactive Protein.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Reactive Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Guides Optimal Management of Adalimumab Failure in Pediatric Crohn's Disease: A Real-World Single-Center Experience.Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2026Article
- Proactive Compared to Reactive Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Is Associated with Less Treatment Failure in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated with Adalimumab.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Discovery of 7-azaindole-3-acrylamide inhibitors of inflammasomes/IL-1β for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
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- Long-term risk of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of the Subcutaneous Formulations of Infliximab and Vedolizumab-Current Knowledge and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Management: Emerging Drug Therapies and Innovations.Current drug targets · 2026Review
- Nanomaterial-Based Strategies Targeting IL-1 Signalling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Therapeutic Applications and Mechanistic Insights.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 16 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has emerged as a useful tool for optimising the use of biologics, and in particular anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy, in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, challenges remain and are hindering the widespread implementation of TDM in clinical practice. These barriers include identification of the optimal drug concentration to target, the lag time between sampling and results, and the proper interpretation of anti-drug antibody titres among different assays. Solutions to overcome these barriers include the harmonisation of TDM assays and the use of point-of-care testing. Other unmet needs include well designed prospective studies and randomised controlled trials focusing on proactive TDM, particularly during induction therapy. Future studies should also investigate the utility of TDM for biologics other than anti-TNF therapies in both IBD and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, and the use of pharmacokinetic modelling dashboards and pharmacogenetics towards individual personalised medicine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.