ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2022
Effects of vaccination and non-pharmaceutical interventions and their lag times on the COVID-19 pandemic: Comparison of eight countries.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Non-pharmaceutical interventions in containing COVID-19 pandemic after the roll-out of coronavirus vaccines: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of social distancing measures and lockdowns for reducing transmission of COVID-19 in non-healthcare, community-based settings.Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Nipah virus and the lessons of COVID-19: are we prepared for the next pandemic threat?Infectious medicine · 2026Review
- Implementation evaluation of the COVID-19 vaccination: Speed, equity and mortality trends.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2026Article
- COVID-19 RT-qPCR-based screening in Austrian schools and incidences in the general population: a Bayesian spatiotemporal analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America: A Data Science standpoint.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- The spatial-temporal variations and influencing factors of COVID-19 case fatality rate: a worldwide study in 30 countries from February 2021 to May 2022.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
- Article
- COVID-19 Epidemiology during Delta Variant Dominance Period in 45 High-Income Countries, 2020-2021.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Real-time forecasting of COVID-19 spread according to protective behavior and vaccination: autoregressive integrated moving average models.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Observational
- A global analysis of COVID-19 infection fatality rate and its associated factors during the Delta and Omicron variant periods: an ecological study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Lag-time effects of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in German hospitals and intensive-care units.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- COVID-19: years of life lost (YLL) and saved (YLS) as an expression of the role of vaccination.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Comparison of COVID-19 Resilience Index and Its Associated Factors across 29 Countries during the Delta and Omicron Variant Periods.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Real-time estimation of the effective reproduction number of SARS-CoV-2 in Aotearoa New Zealand.PeerJ · 2022Article
- [Association of public health and social measures with the effectiveness of COVID-19 epidemic control].Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciencesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many countries implemented measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic, but the effects of these measures have varied greatly. We evaluated the effects of different policies, the prevalence of dominant variants (e.g., Delta), and vaccination on the characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic in eight countries. We quantified the lag times of different non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and vaccination using a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM). We also tested whether these lag times were reasonable by analyzing changes in daily cases and the effective reproductive number (Rt)over time. Our results indicated that the response to vaccination in countries with continuous vaccination programs lagged by at least 40 days, and the lag time for a response to NPIs was at least 14 days. A rebound was most likely to occur during the 40 days after the first vaccine dose. We also found that the combination of school closure, workplace closure, restrictions on mass gatherings, and stay-at-home requirements were successful in containing the pandemic. Our results thus demonstrated that vaccination was effective, although some regions were adversely affected by new variants and low vaccination coverage. Importantly, relaxation of NPIs soon after implementation of a vaccination program may lead to a rebound.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.