ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2022
Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,141 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1,141 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,886 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of AI-assisted drug repurposing in neurological disorders: a systematic review of validation strategies, challenges and opportunities.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Pooled it
- Sero-epidemiological studies of pathogen burden: A scoping review.Wellcome open research · 2026Pooled it
- Autologous Hematopoietic Transplantation Reduces Brain Inflammatory and Axoglial Damage Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Trial
- Single-cell analysis of skin and blood reveals systemic immune responses to ultraviolet B and their impairment in MS.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Trial
- Dynamics of Spinal Fluid Immune Cell Alterations Following Cladribine Tablet Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Trial
- Sex- and age-specific associations ofAnnals of medicine · 2026Article
- Distinct Multiomic Signatures of Environmental Exposure Drive Immune Dysregulation and Disease Activity in Early Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Multiple Sclerosis and Viruses: « Liaisons Dangereuses ».Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Antiviral and inflammatory immune signatures in anti-CD20-treated multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Viral subversion of B-cell tolerance: mechanisms linking infection to autoimmunity.EMBO reports · 2026Review
- Optimizing the Use of Anti-CD20 Agents in Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Central Nervous System Disorders: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Next-generation immune cell engagers for B cell depletion in autoimmune diseases.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Genetic Risk in Multiple Sclerosis: Susceptibility, Modifiers and Unresolved Questions.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- 1,3-Dioxolane derived nucleos(t)ides: synthetic strategies, current position, and future promise in antiviral and anticancer drug discovery.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026Review
- Associations of viral infections and antiviral vaccinations with anti-NMDAR and other forms of autoimmune encephalitis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- HLA-DRB1 Polymorphisms Modulate the Dynamic Compatibility between the Presentation of EBNA1ACS omega · 2026Article
- The influence of anti-CD20-directed B cell depletion across different agents on Epstein-Barr virus-specific humoral and cellular immunity in patients with multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Difficult relationships between humans and bacteria: associations between multiple sclerosis and the human microbiome.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Genetic background modifies host and viral parameters of neonatal gammaherpesvirus infection.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Conserved gammaherpesvirus protein kinase counters myeloid cell-specific type I IFN receptor but not IRF-3 expression to promote the establishment of chronic latent infection in the spleen.Journal of virology · 2026Article
1,081 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system of unknown etiology. We tested the hypothesis that MS is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in a cohort comprising more than 10 million young adults on active duty in the US military, 955 of whom were diagnosed with MS during their period of service. Risk of MS increased 32-fold after infection with EBV but was not increased after infection with other viruses, including the similarly transmitted cytomegalovirus. Serum levels of neurofilament light chain, a biomarker of neuroaxonal degeneration, increased only after EBV seroconversion. These findings cannot be explained by any known risk factor for MS and suggest EBV as the leading cause of MS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.