ArticleGlia2022
MAC2 is a long-lasting marker of peripheral cell infiltrates into the mouse CNS after bone marrow transplantation and coronavirus infection.
Article in Glia, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute viral encephalitis impacts dense-core amyloid plaque pathology and dysregulates myeloid responses to amyloid plaques.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Infection of 5xFAD mice with a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 does not alter Alzheimer's disease neuropathology yet induces widespread changes in gene expression across diverse cell types.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Characterization of effects of a neurotropic murine coronavirus infection on Alzheimer's disease neuropathology of 5xFAD mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Toxoplasma gondii drives myeloid immune cell recruitment to amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's model mice.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Microglia depletion improves hippocampal circuit function after mild traumatic brain injury in male mice.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Infection of 5xFAD mice with a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 does not alter Alzheimer's disease neuropathology yet induces wide-spread changes in gene expression across diverse cell types.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Microglial replacement in a Sandhoff disease mouse model reveals myeloid-derived β-hexosaminidase is necessary for neuronal health.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Identification of the velum interpositum as a meningeal-CNS route for myeloid cell trafficking into the brain.Neuron · 2025Article
- Article
- Myeloid-derived β-hexosaminidase is essential for neuronal health and lysosome function: implications for Sandhoff disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- MAVS signaling shapes microglia responses to neurotropic virus infection.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Galectin-3 inhibition reduces fibrotic scarring and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice.Cell & bioscience · 2024Article
- Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Immunomodulatory Effects of Stem Cell Factor and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Treatment in the Brains of Aged APP/PS1 Mice.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Deficiency in astrocyte CCL2 production reduces neuroimmune control of Toxoplasma gondii infection.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Polio virotherapy targets the malignant glioma myeloid infiltrate with diffuse microglia activation engulfing the CNS.Neuro-oncology · 2023Article
- SALL1 enforces microglia-specific DNA binding and function of SMADs to establish microglia identity.Nature immunology · 2023Article
- Elevated Galectin-3 Is Associated with Aging, Multiple Sclerosis, and Oxidized Phosphatidylcholine-Induced Neurodegeneration.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Aβ plaques do not protect against HSV-1 infection in a mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease, and HSV-1 does not induce Aβ pathology in a model of late onset Alzheimer's disease.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Parabiosis reveals the correlation between the recruitment of circulating antigen presenting cells to the retina and the induction of spontaneous autoimmune uveoretinitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Microglia are the primary resident myeloid cells of the brain responsible for maintaining homeostasis and protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from damage and infection. Monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages arising from the periphery have also been implicated in CNS pathologies, however, distinguishing between different myeloid cell populations in the CNS has been difficult. Here, we set out to develop a reliable histological marker that can assess distinct myeloid cell heterogeneity and functional contributions, particularly in the context of disease and/or neuroinflammation. scRNAseq from brains of mice infected with the neurotropic JHM strain of the mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV), a mouse coronavirus, revealed that Lgals3 is highly upregulated in monocyte and macrophage populations, but not in microglia. Subsequent immunostaining for galectin-3 (encoded by Lgals3), also referred to as MAC2, highlighted the high expression levels of MAC2 protein in infiltrating myeloid cells in JHMV-infected and bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice, in stark contrast to microglia, which expressed little to no staining in these models. Expression of MAC2 was found even 6-10 months following BM-derived cell infiltration into the CNS. We also demonstrate that MAC2 is not a specific label for plaque-associated microglia in the 5xFAD mouse model, but only appears in a distinct subset of these cells in the presence of JHMV infection or during aging. Our data suggest that MAC2 can serve as a reliable and long-lasting histological marker for monocyte/macrophages in the brain, identifying an accessible approach to distinguishing resident microglia from infiltrating cells in the CNS under certain conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.