ReviewClinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology2022
Dermal Pathology in Melasma: An Update Review.
Review in Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy of niosomal and conventional tranexamic acid/niacinamide vs. hydroquinone creams in melasma: A randomized, double-blind, case-controlled clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin A for the Management of Melasma: A Split-Face, Randomized Control Study.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Trial
- Estrogen Promotes Melanogenesis Through Facilitating M2 Macrophage Skewing in Melasma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Decoding Hyperpigmentation from Biological Mechanisms to Actives with Clinically Proven Topical Efficacy: A Narrative Review.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Review
- Retrospective Analysis of the Therapeutic Outcomes of Microneedle Radiofrequency on Melasma by Optical Coherence Tomography: A Observational Pilot Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Temporal Pulse Structure of a 1550-nm Nonablative Fractional Laser Differentially Modulates Fibroblast Transcriptional Programs and Dermal Biomechanics.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Subtype-Specific Response to Fractional-Mode Q-Switched Ruby Laser in Melasma: A Prospective Single-Blind Clinical Study Using Clinical and Noninvasive Imaging Assessments.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- High Resolution Ultrasound for the Assessment of Melasma: Experience With 1064 nm Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser.Cureus · 2025Article
- KT-939: A Next-Generation Human Tyrosinase Inhibitor With Superior Efficacy for the Safe Management of Hyperpigmentation.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Melanocyte differentiation and mechanosensation are differentially modulated by distinct extracellular matrix proteins.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Sebum's effect on wound healing and pigmentation in mice.Skin health and disease · 2025Article
- Oral tranexamic acid, low-fluence intense pulsed light, and glycolic acid for the treatment of mixed melasma: An observational study.Medicine · 2025Observational
- A Scoping Review on Melasma Treatments and Their Histopathologic Correlates.Dermatopathology (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Facial Lichen Planus Pigmentosus: A Prospective Pilot Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Non-Insulated Microneedle Radiofrequency for the Treatment of Hydroquinone-Induced Exogenous Ochronosis: A Case Report and Literature Review.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2025Article
- Recent Trends in the Development and Application of Nano-Antioxidants for Skin-Related Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Skin Structure, Physiology, and Pathology in Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Tranexamic Acid Ameliorates Skin Hyperpigmentation by Downregulating Endothelin-1 Expression in Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cells.Annals of dermatology · 2024Article
- Update on Melasma Treatments.Annals of dermatology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMelasma is a complex and multipathophysiological condition that is challenging to treat. The roles of each element in the dermis were highlighted in this recent year due to targeting it with emerging therapies. Although some studies have demonstrated abnormal findings in the dermis of melasma lesions, there are no integrated data regarding these findings. PURPOSE: This article aims to discuss each finding in the dermis of melasma lesions and to provide some ideas about treatment options.
methodsAn Internet search was completed using the MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for relevant literature through June 2021 and reference lists of respective articles. Only the articles published in English language were included.
resultsSeveral studies have focused on the dermal changes in melasma. Common findings included basement membrane disruption, pendulous melanocytes, marked solar elastosis, increased melanophages, increased mast cells, and neovascularization. In addition, each of them had the specified mechanism that may relate with the others.
conclusionSeveral changes in the dermis of melasma lesion may be connected with pathological changes in the epidermis. This may serve as a potential target treatment for melasma, which requires a multimodal approach.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.