Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35022922›Full record

ArticleJournal of community health2022

Patterns and Trends in Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Before and During Pregnancy: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 2016-2019.

Sara K Head, Ibrahim Zaganjor, Justina N Kofie, Michael D Sawdey, Karen A Cullen

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of community health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Toxicant and Nicotine Exposure in Pregnant Smokers, Vapers, and Nicotine-Replacement Users: Cross-Sectional Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sara K HeadOffice of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
Ibrahim ZaganjorOffice of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA. Ibrahim.Zaganjor@fda.hhs.gov.
Justina N KofieOffice of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
Michael D SawdeyOffice of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
Karen A CullenOffice of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThis study used 2016-2019 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data to estimate prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use around pregnancy, changes in ENDS use and cigarette smoking from before to during pregnancy, and trends in these behaviors over time.

methodsENDS and cigarette use during the 3 months before and the last three months of pregnancy were measured. Weighted prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals were estimated for outcomes overall and ENDS use by maternal characteristic for 2016-2019; logistic regression tested for differences in ENDS use by maternal characteristic and for linear trends in ENDS and cigarette use before and during pregnancy. Analyses were completed in 2021.

resultsIn 2019, 4.3% (N = 98,050) of women used ENDS before and 1.3% (N = 28,811) used ENDS during pregnancy. Most exclusive ENDS users (82.2%) and exclusive cigarette smokers (55.0%) stopped use during pregnancy. Among dual users, 46.3% stopped use during pregnancy while 20.2% continued dual use and 24.9% smoked cigarettes exclusively. Few dual users (8.6%) and exclusive cigarette smokers (0.5%) reported using ENDS exclusively during pregnancy. From 2016-2019, exclusive ENDS use increased and exclusive cigarette smoking decreased both before and during pregnancy.

conclusionsENDS use during pregnancy is low but increased since 2016. Less than one-half of dual ENDS and cigarettes users quit during pregnancy; few dual users or exclusive cigarette smokers switched to exclusive ENDS use during pregnancy. Continued surveillance of ENDS and other tobacco use during pregnancy is critical to inform public health activities that protect maternal and child health.

Indexed as

Electronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsTobacco ProductsChildFemaleHumansNicotinePregnancyRisk AssessmentSmokersUnited StatesNicotineCigarette smokingElectronic nicotine delivery systemsPRAMSPregnancyTobacco use

Identifiers

PMID35022922

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.