ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2022
A real-world study of the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1 antibodies plus lenvatinib in patients with advanced gallbladder cancer.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03892577 (Real-world Study for Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy in Patients With Advanced Hepatobiliary Tumors), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Real-world Study for Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy in Patients With Advanced Hepatobiliary Tumors: a Multi-centers, Open-assess Observational Study.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- PD-L1 Expression in Biliary Tract Cancer: Comparison Across Antibody Clones and Role as a Predictor of Response to Chemoimmunotherapy: A Meta-Analysis.JCO precision oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with other targeted or immunological therapy regimens for the treatment of advanced bile tract cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- The predictive value of PD-L1 expression in response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy for biliary tract cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant radiotherapy combined with targeted and immune therapies achieves a pathological complete response in borderline resectable gallbladder cancer: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of lenvatinib combined with anti-PD-1 antibodies plus GEMOX chemotherapy as non-first-line systemic therapy in advanced gallbladder cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Recent Advances in Immunotherapy for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Long-term prognosis of patients with gallbladder carcinoma after curative-intent resection based on changes in the ratio of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 to total bilirubin (CA19-9/TB): a multicenter retrospective cohort study.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2024Article
- Efficacy and predictors of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with gallbladder cancer.Cancer science · 2024Article
- Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab plus a PD-1 inhibitor for gallbladder cancer with hepatic oligometastasis: a real-world study.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Emerging biomarkers for immunotherapy response in biliary tract cancers: a comprehensive review of immune checkpoint inhibitor strategies.Biomarkers in medicine · 2024Review
- Incidental gallbladder cancer detected during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: conversion to extensive resection is a feasible choice.Frontiers in surgery · 2024Article
- Comparison of treatment models for single primary advanced gallbladder cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The footprint of gut microbiota in gallbladder cancer: a mechanistic review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Effectiveness and safety of radiotherapy plus programmed death-1 inhibitors and lenvatinib in patients with advanced biliary tract carcinoma: a real-world study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- Chemo-Free Treatment Using Anti-PD-1 Antibodies with Lenvatinib in Unresectable Gallbladder Cancer: PD-L1 May Be a Potential Biomarker for a Better Outcome.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Efficacy and safety of lenvatinib combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus Gemox chemotherapy in advanced biliary tract cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- PD-1 inhibitors plus nab-paclitaxel-containing chemotherapy for advanced gallbladder cancer in a second-line setting: A retrospective analysis of a case series.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnti-PD-1 antibodies plus lenvatinib therapeutic regimens have demonstrated a relatively high antitumor response in many solid cancers; however, the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1 antibodies plus lenvatinib in patients with advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC) has not been reported.
methodsAdvanced GBC patients who received anti-PD-1 antibodies plus lenvatinib were retrospectively screened. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), PD-L1 expression and safety were evaluated to identify efficacy biomarkers.
resultsA total of 31 GBC patients were included in this study. After a median follow-up of 8 months and 23 deaths were observed. The median PFS was 5.0 months (95% CI: 4.1-8.0 months), and the median OS was 11.3 months (95% CI: 7.5-20.9 months). Overall, the ORR was 32.3%, the DCR was 83.9%, and the CBR was 41.9%. Moreover, after treatment, 3 patients received conventional surgery, in which 1 patient achieved a pathological complete response. All patients (100%) experienced adverse events (AEs), and 58.1% of the patients experienced grade 3 AEs. The most commonly observed grade 3 AEs included fatigue (5/31, 16.1%), decreased appetite (5/31, 16.1%), hypertension (4/31, 12.9%) and bilirubin elevation (4/31, 12.9%). Subgroup analysis revealed that positive PD-L1 expression maybe associate with a longer PFS.
conclusionAnti-PD-1 antibodies plus lenvatinib represent an effective and tolerable therapy for patients with advanced gallbladder cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.