ReviewEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society2022
Just breathe: a review of sex and gender in chronic lung disease.
Review in European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Equity in pulmonary rehabilitation delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- Lung Cancer Risk in US Adults with COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Pooled it
- Physical activity promotion interventions in chronic airways disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Pooled it
- Sex differences in adult asthma and COPD therapy: a systematic review.Respiratory research · 2022Pooled it
- The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Chronic respiratory diseasePooled it
- Article
- Mind over lungs: the impact of coping strategies on pulmonary rehabilitation outcomes.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2026Observational
- Sex Differences in Long-Term Survival of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients following Initiation of Home Noninvasive Ventilation after Acute Hospitalization due to Respiratory Failure.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Severe Asthma in Women: Clinical Characteristics and Pharmacological Implications for Tailored Management.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2026Article
- Effects of urban PM2.5 on primary sinonasal epithelial cells in individuals with chronic rhinosinusitis.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Associations of chronic lung disease, insufficient sleep, and pain with incident frailty in Chinese middle-aged and older adults.Epidemiology and health · 2026Article
- Association between cold spells and chronic lung disease: a nationwide spatial machine learning analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Incidence and predictors of self-reported pulmonary exacerbations in primary ciliary dyskinesia: an international prospective cohort study.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- The importance of mechanical forces in chronic respiratory diseases.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Social determinants of health in clinical trials examining long-term oral antibiotics in COPD: a systematic review.ERJ open research · 2026Review
- Sex, hormones, and lung health.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Construction and validation of a nomogram for predicting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with bronchiectasis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Inequity in imaging: Why it matters? A statement from the Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Subcommittee of the European Society of Radiology.Insights into imaging · 2025Article
- Navigating COPD and Bronchiectasis: A COPD Foundation Survey of Differences in Patient-Perceived Health Care Experiences by Sex.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2025Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases are the third leading cause of death worldwide and are increasing in prevalence over time. Although much of our traditional understanding of health and disease is derived from study of the male of the species - be it animal or human - there is increasing evidence that sex and gender contribute to differences in disease risk, prevalence, presentation, severity, treatment approach, response and outcomes. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and bronchiectasis represent the most prevalent and studied chronic lung diseases and have key sex- and gender-based differences which are critical to consider and incorporate into clinical and research approaches. Mechanistic differences present opportunities for therapeutic development whereas behavioural and clinical differences on the part of patients and providers present opportunities for greater education and understanding at multiple levels. In this review, we seek to summarise the sex- and gender-based differences in key chronic lung diseases and outline the clinical and research implications for stakeholders.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.