ReviewThe world journal of men's health2022
Antisperm Antibody Testing: A Comprehensive Review of Its Role in the Management of Immunological Male Infertility and Results of a Global Survey of Clinical Practices.
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Review in The world journal of men's health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
7.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- The first Australian evidence-based guidelines on male infertility.The Medical journal of Australia · 2025Guideline
- Potential causes and associated conditions with anti-sperm antibody production among infertile males: a systematic literature review.BMC immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy versus no genetic testing in couples undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection for severe male infertility: multicentre, open label, randomised controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Trial
- Epidemiology, Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Male Infertility-Current Trends and Future Directions: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Cryptorchidism and infertility: what do we know so far?Asian journal of andrology · 2026Review
- Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Male Infertility: A Narrative Review of Diagnostic Value and Clinical Integration.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Research progress on the multidimensional mechanisms underlying impaired spermatogenesis induced by pathological microenvironment remodeling in chronic prostatitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Influence of infertility-associated autoantibodies and sexually transmitted infections on implantation success rates after ICSI.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2025Article
- Chronic inflammation drives epididymal tertiary lymphoid structure formation and autoimmune fertility disorders in mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Andrological profile of infertile men with necrozoospermia (phenotypical features and etiologies): retrospective analysis of a cohort of more than 300 patients.BMC urology · 2025Article
- Infertility and Auto-Antibodies: A Review.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Is it Permissible to use Human Eggs inAsian bioethics review · 2025Article
- Decoding the Puzzle of Male Infertility: The Role of Infection, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Idiopathic male infertility - what are we missing?Arab journal of urology · 2025Article
- Anti-sperm Antibody Positivity in Men with Varicocele: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The world journal of men's health · 2025Article
- Testicular immunity.Molecular aspects of medicine · 2024Review
- Risk Assessment and Optimization for Pregnancy in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Global Andrology Forum (GAF): Structure, Roles, Functioning and Outcomes: An Online Model for Collaborative Research.The world journal of men's health · 2024Article
- Therapeutic approaches for anti-sperm-antibodies in the testicular sperm aspiration rat model.Veterinary world · 2023Article
- Are sexually transmitted infections associated with male infertility? A systematic review and in-depth evaluation of the evidence and mechanisms of action of 11 pathogens.Arab journal of urology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
69 authors at 20 institutions in 30 countries.
Sajal GuptaAmerican Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6487-9681
Rakesh SharmaAmerican Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9664-6978
Ashok AgarwalAmerican Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. agarwaa@ccf.org.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0585-1026
Florence BoitrelleReproductive Biology, Fertility Preservation, Andrology, CECOS, Poissy Hospital, Poissy, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5322-0141
Renata FinelliAmerican Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5926-6407
Ala'a FarkouhAmerican Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0362-9109
Ramadan SalehDepartment of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0503-3533
Taha Abo-Almagd Abdel-MeguidDepartment of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8070-4088
Murat GülDepartment of Urology, Selcuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6657-6227
Birute ZilaitieneInstitute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4082-4843
Edmund KoDepartment of Urology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7465-3616
Amarnath RambhatlaDepartment of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1383-6670
Armand ZiniDepartment of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2194-5578
Kristian LeisegangSchool of Natural Medicine, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3003-8048
Shinnosuke KurodaAmerican Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8890-0297
Ralf HenkelAmerican Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1128-2982
Rossella CannarellaDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4599-8487
Ayad PalaniDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Garmian, Kalar, Iraq.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7806-9903
Chak-Lam ChoSH Ho Urology Center, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-6833
Christopher C K HoDepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8757-6867
Daniel Suslik ZylbersztejnFleury Group and Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1481-0296
Edoardo PescatoriGynepro Medical, Bologna, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9326-5598
Eric ChungDepartment of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3373-3668
Fotios Dimitriadis1st Urology Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1198-9144
Germar-Michael PinggeraDepartment of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6463-2494
Gian Maria BusettoDepartment of Urology and Organ Transplantation, Ospedali Riuniti of Foggia, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7291-0316
Giancarlo BalerciaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1286-1521
Gianmaria SalvioDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9290-5699
Giovanni M ColpiAndrology Unit, Procrea Institute, Lugano, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-1777
Gökhan ÇekerDepartment of Urology, Samsun Vezirköprü State Hospital, Samsun, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7891-9450
Hisanori TaniguchiDepartment of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7404-0369
Hussein KandilFakih IVF Fertility Center, Abu Dhabi, UAE.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5549-3274
Hyun Jun ParkDepartment of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0566-9574
Israel Maldonado RosasCitmer Reproductive Medicine, IVF LAB, Mexico City, Mexico.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2765-6176
Jean de la RosetteDepartment of Urology, Istanbul Medipol Mega University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6308-1763
Joao Paulo Greco CardosoDivisao de Urologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0066-4619
Jonathan RamsayDepartment of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-7698
Juan AlvarezCentro ANDROGEN, La Coruña, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4851-9579
Juan Manuel Corral MolinaServicio de Urología, Hospital Clínico de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1423-0256
Kareim KhalafallaDepartment of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9476-4869
Kasonde BowaSchool of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Lusaka, Lusaka, Zambia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7032-7998
Kelton TremellenDepartment of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5575-6049
Evangelini EvgeniCryogonia Cryopreservation Bank, Athens, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3909-9170
Lucia RoccoDepartment of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6250-4798
Marcelo Gabriel Rodriguez PeñaDepartamento Docencia e Investigación, Hospital Militar Campo de Mayo, Universidad Barcelo, Buenos Aires, Argentina.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2437-7833
Marjan SabbaghianDepartment of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9439-268X
Marlon MartinezSection of Urology, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1191-8154
Mohamed ArafaAmerican Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0107-8857
Mohamed S Al-MarhoonDepartment of Surgery, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8397-1560
Nicholas TadrosDivision of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2272-235X
Nicolas GarridoIVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8271-5218
Osvaldo RajmilDepartment of Andrology, Fundacio Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1987-9206
Pallav SenguptaDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1928-5048
Paraskevi VogiatziAndromed Health & Reproduction, Fertility Diagnostics Laboratory, Maroussi, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-1619
Parviz KavoussiAustin Fertility and Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7390-5837
Ponco BirowoDepartment of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2934-6753
Raghavender KosgiDepartment of Urology and Andrology, AIG Hospitals, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2178-0857
Saleem Bani-HaniDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6830-6247
Sava MicicDepartment of Andrology, Uromedica Polyclinic, Belgrade, Serbia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9037-3318
Sijo ParekattilAvant Concierge Urology & University of Central Florida, Winter Garden, FL, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6847-8826
Sunil JindalDepartment of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Jindal Hospital, Meerut, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8088-8710
Tan V LeDepartment of Andrology, Binh Dan Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1766-7453
Taymour MostafaDepartment of Andrology, Sexology & STIs, Faculty of Medicina, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3627-0662
Tuncay ToprakDepartment of Urology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1348-5273
Yoshiharu MorimotoHORAC Grand Front Osaka Clinic, Osaka, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2834-2726
Vineet MalhotraDepartment of Andrology and Urology, Diyos Hospital, New Delhi, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6760-0885
Azin AghamajidiDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5904-5260
Damayanthi DurairajanayagamFaculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9049-0215
Rupin ShahDivision of Andrology, Department of Urology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-5949
Cleveland Clinic · USMarche Polytechnic University · ITAristotle University of Thessaloniki · GRAsian Institute of Gastroenterology · INCairo University · EGChinese University of Hong Kong · HKFlinders University · AUGynePro Medical · ITHammersmith Hospital · GBHarvard University · USHenry Ford Health System · USHospital Clínic de Barcelona · ESHospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo · BRHospital Israelita Albert Einstein · BRInformation Group on Reproductive Choice · MXInnsbruck Medical University · ATInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe · ESIran University of Medical Sciences · IRIstanbul Medipol University · TRIVI Middle East Fertility Clinic · AE
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antisperm antibodies (ASA), as a cause of male infertility, have been detected in infertile males as early as 1954. Multiple causes of ASA production have been identified, and they are due to an abnormal exposure of mature germ cells to the immune system. ASA testing (with mixed anti-globulin reaction, and immunobead binding test) was described in the WHO manual 5th edition and is most recently listed among the extended semen tests in the WHO manual 6th edition. The relationship between ASA and infertility is somewhat complex. The presence of sperm agglutination, while insufficient to diagnose immunological infertility, may indicate the presence of ASA. However, ASA can also be present in the absence of any sperm agglutination. The andrological management of ASA depends on the etiology and individual practices of clinicians. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the causes of ASA production, its role in immunological male infertility, clinical indications of ASA testing, and the available therapeutic options. We also provide the details of laboratory procedures for assessment of ASA together with important measures for quality control. Additionally, laboratory and clinical scenarios are presented to guide the reader in the management of ASA and immunological male infertility. Furthermore, we report the results of a recent worldwide survey, conducted to gather information about clinical practices in the management of immunological male infertility.
Indexed as
AntibodiesInfertility, maleSperm agglutinationSpermatozoaSurvey
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