ArticlePloS one2022
SARS-CoV-2 induces a durable and antigen specific humoral immunity after asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 infection.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06784739 (COMMUNITY - the COVID-19 Immunity Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
COMMUNITY - the COVID-19 Immunity Study
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence of adaptive immunity to COVID-19 and reinfection after recovery - a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Pathogens and global health · 2022Pooled it
- Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Protection from second booster vaccines and natural immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infections, 2022-2023.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Observational
- Impaired mucosal IgA response in patients with severe COVID-19.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Prevalent and persistent new-onset autoantibodies in mild to severe COVID-19.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Immune and inflammation features of severe and critical Omicron infected patients during Omicron wave in China.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Long COVID Definition, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Epidemiology and Autoimmunity: A Narrative Review.American journal of medicine open · 2024Article
- Article
- Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA and IgG in nasal secretions, saliva and serum.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Trends of humoral immune responses to heterologous antigenic exposure due to vaccination & omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection: Implications for boosting.The Indian journal of medical research · 2023Observational
- Symptom Burden and Immune Dynamics 6 to 18 Months Following Mild Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection (SARS-CoV-2): A Case-control Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Neutralizing Antibody Responses Among Residents and Staff of Long-Term Care Facilities in the State of New Jersey During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of community health · 2023Article
- Evaluating Johnson and Johnson COVID-19 Vaccination Outcomes in a Low-Income Hispanic Population.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Integrative Effects between a Bubble and Seal Program and Workers' Compliance to Health Advice on Successful COVID-19 Transmission Control in a Factory in Southern Thailand.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Prevalence and predictors of anti-SARS-CoV-2 serology in a highly vulnerable population of Rio de Janeiro: A population-based serosurvey.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2022Article
- Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immune Response Induced by Three Doses of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Article
- Role of the humoral immune response during COVID-19: guilty or not guilty?Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- Prolonged Protective Immunity Induced by Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection of K18-hACE2 Mice.Vaccines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
25 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Current SARS-CoV-2 serological assays generate discrepant results, and the longitudinal characteristics of antibodies targeting various antigens after asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 are yet to be established. This longitudinal cohort study including 1965 healthcare workers, of which 381 participants exhibited antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen at study inclusion, reveal that these antibodies remain detectable in most participants, 96%, at least four months post infection, despite having had no or mild symptoms. Virus neutralization capacity was confirmed by microneutralization assay in 91% of study participants at least four months post infection. Contrary to antibodies targeting the spike protein, antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein were only detected in 80% of previously anti-nucleocapsid IgG positive healthcare workers. Both anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid IgG levels were significantly higher in previously hospitalized COVID-19 patients four months post infection than in healthcare workers four months post infection (p = 2*10-23 and 2*10-13 respectively). Although the magnitude of humoral response was associated with disease severity, our findings support a durable and functional humoral response after SARS-CoV-2 infection even after no or mild symptoms. We further demonstrate differences in antibody kinetics depending on the antigen, arguing against the use of the nucleocapsid protein as target antigen in population-based SARS-CoV-2 serological surveys.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.