ArticlePloS one
Access to gender-affirming hormones during adolescence and mental health outcomes among transgender adults.
Article in PloS one. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 60 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Do hormones and surgery improve the health of adults with gender incongruence? A systematic review of patient reported outcomes.ANZ journal of surgery · 2025Pooled it
- The health consequences of stigma and discrimination: a systematic review and meta-analysis of their impact on Black non-binary individuals in Sub-Saharan Africa.Frontiers in sociology · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of psychosocial functioning changes after gender-affirming hormone therapy among transgender people.Nature human behaviour · 2023Pooled it
- Gender diversity and cholesterol in early adolescence: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- Demographic and Clinical Features of Early-Onset versus Late-Onset Gender Dysphoria Among Adolescent and Young Adult Birth-Assigned Females.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Interpreting Psychiatric Needs After Gender Reassignment: Methodological Considerations From a Nationwide Register Study.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Additive and Multiplicative Effects of Socially Stigmatized Identities Using Linear Regression to Model Effects on Self-Reported Overall Health as Reported in the All of Us Research Program: Quantitative Analysis.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Mental health treatment among transgender and gender diverse people following gender affirming hormone therapy: evidence from whole-of-population Australian administrative data.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Understanding suicide risk among LGBTQ+ youth in Peru: Findings from a nationwide mental health survey.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Mental health impacts of anti-trans stigma on transgender people in Australia: a mixed-methods study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Post-operative outcomes for transmasculine and nonbinary individuals who received top surgery as minors.International journal of transgender health · 2026Article
- Mental health and wellbeing outcomes associated with social, medical, and legal gender affirmation among trans young people in Australia.International journal of transgender health · 2026Article
- Rapid review of gender-affirming healthcare for children and adolescents: Evidence synthesis (2021-2025) and recommendations for South Africa.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2026Review
- Rapid Review of Gender-Affirming Healthcare for Children and Adolescents: Evidence Synthesis (2021-2025) and Recommendations for South Africa.Research square · 2025Article
- Gender-affirming health care needs, barriers to care, and health and wellbeing in a broad nationwide sample of transgender people in Norway.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Gender Identity and Gender-Related Medical Outcomes of Autistic Young Adults Who Experienced Transgender Identity as Adolescents.Transgender health · 2025Article
- Individualized and innovative gender healthcare for transgender and nonbinary youth.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- E-cigarette use among gender and sexuality diverse (LGBTQA+) adolescents in Australia: The case for LGBTQA+ affirmative harm reduction.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Article
- An Assessment of the Longitudinal Impact of Gender-affirming Care in an Adolescent and Young Adult Transmasculine and Nonbinary Patient Population.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Cerebrovascular Health Among Sex- and Gender-Diverse People: A Narrative Review.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine associations between recalled access to gender-affirming hormones (GAH) during adolescence and mental health outcomes among transgender adults in the U.S.
methodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey, a cross-sectional non-probability sample of 27,715 transgender adults in the U.S. Using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders, we examined associations between access to GAH during early adolescence (age 14-15), late adolescence (age 16-17), or adulthood (age ≥18) and adult mental health outcomes, with participants who desired but never accessed GAH as the reference group.
results21,598 participants (77.9%) reported ever desiring GAH. Of these, 8,860 (41.0%) never accessed GAH, 119 (0.6%) accessed GAH in early adolescence, 362 (1.7%) accessed GAH in late adolescence, and 12,257 (56.8%) accessed GAH in adulthood. After adjusting for potential confounders, accessing GAH during early adolescence (aOR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2-0.6, p < .0001), late adolescence (aOR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.4-0.7, p < .0001), or adulthood (aOR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.7-0.8, p < .0001) was associated with lower odds of past-year suicidal ideation when compared to desiring but never accessing GAH. In post hoc analyses, access to GAH during adolescence (ages 14-17) was associated with lower odds of past-year suicidal ideation (aOR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.6-0.9, p = .0007) when compared to accessing GAH during adulthood.
conclusionAccess to GAH during adolescence and adulthood is associated with favorable mental health outcomes compared to desiring but not accessing GAH.
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