Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35020445›Full record

ReviewAnnual review of public health2022

Eliminating Explicit and Implicit Biases in Health Care: Evidence and Research Needs.

Monica B Vela, Amarachi I Erondu, Nichole A Smith, Monica E Peek, James N Woodruff, Marshall H Chin

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Annual review of public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 178 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
178citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

178 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Structural weight stigma in healthcare toward preconception, pregnant, and postpartum women: A systematic review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025
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  13. Implicit Racial Bias in Evaluation of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025
    Trial
  14. Primary care physician use of patient race and polygenic risk scores in medical decision-making.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2023
    Trial
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  19. Postoperative Outcomes After Breast Reduction: Do Racial Disparities Exist?Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026
    Article
  20. Article

118 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Monica B VelaDepartment of Medicine, Section of Academic Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine in Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; email: mvela@uic.edu.
Amarachi I EronduDepartment of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Nichole A SmithDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Monica E PeekDepartment of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine and Chicago Center for Diabetes Translation Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
James N WoodruffPritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Marshall H ChinDepartment of Medicine and Chicago Center for Diabetes Translation Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Funding

Research Design, Data, and Analytics CoreP30DK092949 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI MILDA Renne SAUNDERS · 2011 to 2026
$10.0M
NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK092949
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Health care providers hold negative explicit and implicit biases against marginalized groups of people such as racial and ethnic minoritized populations. These biases permeate the health care system and affect patients via patient-clinician communication, clinical decision making, and institutionalized practices. Addressing bias remains a fundamental professional responsibility of those accountable for the health and wellness of our populations. Current interventions include instruction on the existence and harmful role of bias in perpetuating health disparities, as well as skills training for the management of bias. These interventions can raise awareness of provider bias and engage health care providers in establishing egalitarian goals for care delivery, but these changes are not sustained, and the interventions have not demonstrated change in behavior in the clinical or learning environment. Unfortunately, the efficacy of these interventions may be hampered by health care providers' work and learning environments, which are rife with discriminatory practices that sustain the very biases US health care professions are seeking to diminish. We offer a conceptual model demonstrating that provider-level implicit bias interventions should be accompanied by interventions that systemically change structures inside and outside the health care system if the country is to succeed in influencing biases and reducing health inequities.

Indexed as

Attitude of Health PersonnelHealth PersonnelBiasCommunicationHealthcare DisparitiesHumansbiasdisparityequityracism

Identifiers

PMID35020445
PMCPMC9172268

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.