ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2022
T-independent antigen induces humoral memory through germinal centers.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting T follicular helper cells for lifelong health.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Half a century of pneumococcal vaccination in sickle cell disease: Are we winning the battle or losing immunity?Vaccine · 2026Review
- The multilayered identity of B cell memory.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Improving the efficacy of anti-SSEA4 antibody in pancreatic cancer immunotherapy with glyco-optimization and immune checkpoint blockade.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy for the treatment of X-linked agammaglobulinemia.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Dendritic cell expression of MyD88 is required for rotavirus-induced B cell activation.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Coordinated Regulation of Extrafollicular B Cell Responses by IL-12 and IFNγ.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Microbead-based synthetic niches for in vitro expansion and differentiation of human naïve B-cells.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring the structural basis and functional immunodynamics of immunoglobulin M in host defense against fungal pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The contributions of T cell-mediated immunity to protection from vaccine-preventable diseases: A primer.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- The capicua-ataxin-1-like complex regulates Notch-driven marginal zone B cell development and sepsis progression.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Memory B cell subsets have divergent developmental origins that are coupled to distinct imprinted epigenetic states.Nature immunology · 2024Article
- Productive Germinal Center Responses Depend on the Nature of Stimuli Received by Anti-Insulin B Cells in Type 1 Diabetes-Prone Mice.ImmunoHorizons · 2023Article
- T-independent responses to polysaccharides in humans mobilize marginal zone B cells prediversified against gut bacterial antigens.Science immunology · 2023Article
- The NFκB signaling system in the generation of B-cell subsets: from germinal center B cells to memory B cells and plasma cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Guillain-Barré syndrome: expanding the concept of molecular mimicry.Trends in immunology · 2022Review
- An ambient-temperature stable nanoparticle-based vaccine for nasal application that confers long-lasting immunogenicity to carried antigens.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
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3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
T-dependent humoral responses generate long-lived memory B cells and plasma cells (PCs) predominantly through germinal center (GC) reaction. In human and mouse, memory B cells and long-lived PCs are also generated during immune responses to T-independent antigen, including bacterial polysaccharides, although the underlying mechanism for such T-independent humoral memory is not clear. While T-independent antigen can induce GCs, they are transient and thought to be nonproductive. Unexpectedly, by genetic fate-mapping, we find that these GCs actually output memory B cells and PCs. Using a conditional BCL6 deletion approach, we show memory B cells and PCs fail to last when T-independent GCs are precluded, suggesting that the GC experience per se is important for programming longevity of T-independent memory B cells and PCs. Consistent with the fact that infants cannot mount long-lived humoral memory to T-independent antigen, B cells from young animals intrinsically fail to form T-independent GCs. Our results suggest that T-independent GCs support humoral memory, and GC induction may be key to effective vaccines with T-independent antigen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.