Observational studyInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2022
Ultra-Widefield Indocyanine Green Angiography Reveals Patterns of Choroidal Venous Insufficiency Influencing Pachychoroid Disease.
Observational study in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography findings of vortex veins in central serous chorioretinopathy.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Choroidal vascular biomarkers for macular neovascularization in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: insights from widefield indocyanine green angiography.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2026Article
- Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy: long-term structural changes and risk factors for disease evolution.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Wide-Field OCTA Evaluation of Dominant Vortex Veins Among Healthy and Pachychoroid Eyes: Distribution Patterns and Choroidal Parameters.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Widefield Analysis of Choroidal Vascular Characteristics in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy With Different Choroidal Vein Drainage System.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Pachychoroid-Related Pigment Epithelial Detachment Treated with Photodynamic Therapy.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy and macular venous outflow abnormalities: the effects of venous stasis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- A Novel Panmacular Strategy for Subthreshold Micropulse Laser in CSC: Two-Year Functional and Morphological Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- REGIONAL VARIABILITY IN CHOROIDAL VASCULARITY INDEX AND ASSOCIATION WITH INTERVORTEX ANASTOMOSES IN POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY.Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Distinct Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration in Pachychoroid Pigment Epitheliopathy Versus Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Changes in choroidal vessel morphology associated with fluid leakage in central serous chorioretinopathy; a comparison of OCTA and ICGA.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- Choroidal Venous Architecture and Polypoidal Lesion Distribution in Subtypes of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Using Widefield Imaging.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Structural changes in vortex vein ampullae in eyes with pachychoroid-spectrum disorder.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome, a different pathway in venous remodelling of the choroidal vasculature.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2025Article
- Imaging in Pachychoroid DiseaseTurkish journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Choriocapillaris flow in two different patterns of exudative type 1 macular neovascularization.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Quantitative analysis of choroidal vascular structures and anatomical changes in pachychoroid spectrum diseases using ultra-widefield SS-OCTA.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Quantitative assessment of intervortex anastomosis in central serous chorioretinopathy and fellow eyes: Does the size of anastomotic vessels matter for the diagnosis?Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Article
- Choroidal arterial abnormality in central serous chorioretinopathy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To compare patterns of choroidal venous drainage in eyes with pachychoroid disease to those of healthy subjects using ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography (UWF ICGA). Methods: Patients with pachychoroid disease and healthy controls were recruited at two referral centers. UWF ICGA images were used to evaluate the proportion of the postequatorial fundus drained by major vortex vein systems in each quadrant and to study the incidence and topography of choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH) and intervortex venous anastomoses. Widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) was used to evaluate choroidal thickness at the posterior pole in eyes with pachychoroid disease. Results: Fifty-two pachychoroid eyes and 26 healthy eyes were evaluated. Eyes with pachychoroid disease showed a significant within-subject variance in the proportion of the postequatorial fundus drained by each vortex vein system (range, 4.1%-48.1%; P < 0.0001) that was not seen in controls (range, 17.3%-31.7%; P = 0.11). CVH was present in all pachychoroid disease eyes and three of 26 controls. Intervortex venous anastomoses were present in 46 of 52 pachychoroid disease eyes and nine of 26 control eyes. Vortex vein systems with large drainage areas showed greater density of CVH spots. SS-OCT demonstrated asymmetric choroidal drainage in the macula of 59% of pachychoroid eyes. CVH and intervortex venous anastomoses were more prominent in areas showing maximal choroidal thickness. Conclusions: In eyes with pachychoroid disease, imbalanced choroidal venous drainage with congestion of specific vortex vein systems may contribute to a state of choroidal venous insufficiency characterized by regional choroidal thickening, CVH and remodeling of venous drainage routes.
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