ReviewLancet regional health. Americas2022
The Role of Poverty and Racial Discrimination in Exacerbating the Health Consequences of COVID-19.
Review in Lancet regional health. Americas, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial Discrimination and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2025Pooled it
- Health Status And Delays In Referral-To-Treatment Waiting Times for Elective Admissions of Adults From Deprived Areas And Ethnic Minority Backgrounds: A Study of Healthcare Inequalities.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Employment type and non-compliance with SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing: insights from a nationwide seroprevalence study in South Korea.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Risk Factors of COVID-19 Severity and Related Death in Children in the Post-Pandemic Era.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Characterizing emergency clinician engagement with social drivers of health data among patients with opioid use disorder.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2026Article
- Trends and Disparities in Pneumothorax-Related Deaths in the United States Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A CDC WONDER Database Analysis.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in access to non-COVID-19 healthcare during the pandemic in the United States.Medicine · 2026Article
- Declining use of percutaneous coronary intervention across population groups, 2011-2022.Health affairs scholar · 2026Article
- Where Inequities Emerge: Racial and Ethnic Differences Across the COVID-19 Hospitalization Continuum.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Changes in Healthcare Utilization Patterns and Outcomes for an Acute Cerebrovascular Events Medicare Cohort: 2018-2022.Neuroepidemiology · 2026Article
- Association of Everyday Discrimination With Drug Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the All of Us Research Program.Psychiatry investigation · 2026Article
- A review of youth mental health in the U.S.: the current landscape, youth perspectives, and strategies for equitable solutions.Frontiers in health services · 2026Review
- Viral emergence and pandemic preparedness in a One Health framework.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Racism, discrimination, and distress: A cross-sectional examination of smoking behaviors among adults who smoke during the COVID-19 pandemic.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2026Article
- Evaluating rates and factors associated with cesarean section and inpatient cost among low-risk deliveries in selected U.S. states.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Article
- A Study on Economic Stressors During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survivors in the United States.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- The relationship between living in poverty and youth COVID-19 testing in underserved populations.Annals of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Social Statuses, Perceived Everyday Discrimination and Health and Well-being Before and After COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Emotional and Financial Stressors in New York City During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Consecutive Cross-Sectional Analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There were more than 800,000 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths in the United States (U.S) by the end of 2021. The health consequences of COVID-19, however, have not affected all residents equally. In this review, we synthesize recent evidence suggesting that high levels of poverty in the U.S. compared to other high-income countries, as well as historic and ongoing racial/ethnic discrimination, have exacerbated the health consequences of COVID-19, particularly for racial/ethnic minorities. We discuss four mechanisms through which poverty and discrimination affect COVID-19-related health consequences: greater pre-existing health challenges, reduced access to healthcare, lower-quality neighbourhood and housing conditions, and unequal exposure to high-risk occupations. Evidence suggests that economic and policy institutions that contributed to higher pre-pandemic poverty rates in the U.S., particularly among racial/ethnic minorities, have been central determinants of unequal health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.