[Single-use products in endoscopy-from consumables to single-use scopes].

Clinically relevant infections triggered by the use of flexible endoscopes and respective consumables have become the focus of clinical and scientific interest in the literature. Endoscopy-associated infections can be assigned to one of two groups: (i) endogenous infections are triggered by the spread of the patient's own local flora and (ii) exogenous infections result from transmission of contaminated material or endoscopes. The number of reported infectious complications in flexible endoscopy is low but likely underestimated due to inadequate surveillance strategies and lack of clinical symptoms. To prevent exogenous infections, single-use endoscopes were brought to the market. Single-use bronchoscope have been part of routine clinical care for years, while single-use duodenoscopes have only recently been approved. The increased patient safety and economic costs were clearly evaluated for the single-use bronchoscopes, but this still needs to be studied for single-use duodenoscopes. The use of single-use endoscopes-at first glance-represents an additional financial burden on the healthcare system. However, in addition to the material costs of disposable endoscopes, the costs that are avoided by them (e.g., prolonged hospitalization, intensive care treatment, and follow-up interventions) must also be included in the overall calculation.