ReviewCancer management and research2022
The Characteristics of Tumor Microenvironment in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.
Review in Cancer management and research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Molecular cartography of breast cancer: decoding genomes, heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment for personalized targeted therapeutics.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- CK2 in triple-negative breast cancer: oncogenic signaling networks and emerging CK2 inhibitor-based combination therapies.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Disrupting Treg lineage stability elicits RORgT-mediated plasticity and enhances anti-tumor immunity.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Article
- A tri-specific EGFR/cMet/VEGF antibody demonstrates potent multi-mechanistic activity in preclinical triple-negative breast cancer models.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Peptide-mediated immunomodulation of tumor microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer: A comprehensive review.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2026Review
- Protein Kinase C-Delta (PKCδ) inhibition stabilizes endothelium and suppresses triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) intravasation in a microfluidic hypoxic tumor model.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Article
- Tumour cell-intrinsic complement C1r and C1s regulate cancer cell fitness and shape the immune microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- Exploring the Molecular and Genomic Landscape of the Dark Agouti Rat Mammary Adenocarcinoma: Preliminary Insights for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Modeling.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2026Article
- Organ-Specific Migration License (OSML) theory: a novel paradigm for spatiotemporal regulation and intervention of cross-organ immune cell migration in tumor immune responses.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Targeted biologics for TNBC: Advances in nanobodies, antibodies, peptides, and aptamers.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic profiles from normal and tumor tissue samples reveal distinct venule populations and novel tumor endothelial cell markers in breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- A highly resolved integrated single-cell atlas of human breast cancers.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Programmable local immunochemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer via spatiotemporally controlled release of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, gemcitabine, and paclitaxel.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- The contribution of phenolic endocrine-disrupting chemicals to breast cancer risk: A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Multi-omics profiling uncovers immune-molecular clusters with distinct chemo-immunotherapeutic vulnerabilities in a mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer.Molecular cancer · 2026Article
- Triple-negative breast cancer: current understanding and future perspectives.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2026Review
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a special subtype of breast cancer, accounting for 10-20% of breast cancers with high intrinsic heterogeneity. Its unique immune microenvironment, including high expression of vascular endothelial growth factors, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and other molecules that promote the growth and migration of tumor cells, has been shown to play a dual role in the occurrence, growth, and metastasis of TNBC. Understanding the TNBC microenvironment is of great significance for the prognosis and treatment of TNBC. In this article, we describe the composition and function of immune cells in the TNBC microenvironment and summarize the major cytokine growth factors and chemokines in the TNBC microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the progress of TNBC, cytokine-induced killer cell therapy, and immune checkpoint therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.