ArticleNPJ biofilms and microbiomes2022
Gut microbiome development in early childhood is affected by day care attendance.
Article in NPJ biofilms and microbiomes, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis defines predominant shared microbial responses in various diseases and a specific inflammatory bowel disease signal.Genome biology · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2026Trial
- Gut microbiome changes with micronutrient supplementation in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the MADDY study.Gut microbes · 2025Trial
- Human gut microbiome as a composite health biomarker.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lifestyle changes on early-life microbiome development.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Phenotypic and genomic characterization of NDM-producingMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- The gut-joint axis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Off to a good start: current gaps and priorities in early-life microbiome research.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Progressive microbial alterations in the human gut and lung across early life: implications for translational medicine.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota and pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: clinical evidence and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Environmental exposures associated with the gut microbiome and resistome of pregnant women and children in Northwest Ecuador.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Infant gut anellovirus composition associates with early life factors and childhood atopic disease.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Human microbiome acquisition and transmission.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Environmental Exposures and the Human Gut Resistome in Northwest Ecuador.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Microbiota assembly of specific pathogen-free neonatal mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A microbial symphony: a literature review of the factors that orchestrate the colonization dynamics of the human colonic microbiome during infancy and implications for future health.Microbiome research reports · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota composition in recurrent acute otitis media: a cross-sectional observational study.Folia microbiologica · 2024Observational
- Birth order, daycare attendance, and childhood socioeconomic status in relation to gingivitis: a cross-sectional study in Turkish young adults.BMC oral health · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The human gut microbiome develops during the first years of life, followed by a relatively stable adult microbiome. Day care attendance is a drastic change that exposes children to a large group of peers in a diverse environment for prolonged periods, at this critical time of microbial development, and therefore has the potential to affect microbial composition. We characterize the effect of day care on the gut microbial development throughout a single school year in 61 children from 4 different day care facilities, and in additional 24 age-matched home care children (n = 268 samples, median age of entering the study was 12 months). We show that day care attendance is a significant and impactful factor in shaping the microbial composition of the growing child, the specific daycare facility and class influence the gut microbiome, and each child becomes more similar to others in their day care. Furthermore, in comparison to home care children, day care children have a different gut microbial composition, with enrichment of taxa more frequently observed in older populations. Our results provide evidence that daycare may be an external factor that contributes to gut microbiome maturation and make-up in early childhood.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.