ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2022
Prevalence and risk factors of overt postpartum urinary retention among primiparous women after vaginal delivery: a case-control study.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Risk Factors of Postpartum Urinary Retention for Women by Vaginal Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International urogynecology journal · 2024Pooled it
- Single epidural bolus hydromorphone for acute postpartum pain after vaginal delivery: a randomized clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Effect of Low-Frequency Pulsed Electrotherapy Combined with Acupoint Nursing on Postpartum Urinary Retention in Patients with Vaginal Delivery.International urogynecology journal · 2024Trial
- IUGA International Guidelines on Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Improvement of Urinary Retention Symptoms After Vaginal Delivery with Electroacupuncture.Medical acupuncture · 2026Article
- Article
- The Prevalence of Long-Term Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Among Women Who Previously Experienced Postpartum Urinary Retention-A Cross Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Risk factors for postpartum urinary retention after vaginal delivery among primiparous women: a retrospective case-control study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- The Effectiveness and Safety of Intrapartum or Postpartum Catheterization in the Prevention of Postpartum Urinary Retention: A Scoping Review.International urogynecology journal · 2024Article
- Development and validation of a risk prediction model for postpartum urinary incontinence in primiparas with singleton pregnancies: a multicenter clinical investigation.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Factors associated with urinary retention after vaginal delivery under intraspinal anesthesia: a path analysis model.International urogynecology journal · 2024Article
- The Occurrence and Factors Associated with Overt Urinary Retention Among Postpartum Women After Vaginal Delivery with Labor Epidural Analgesia.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPostpartum urinary retention (PUR) may lead to bladder neuromuscular damage and subsequently voiding dysfunction. However, the literature regarding the incidence of and risk factors for PUR remains unclear. Moreover, previously reported studies are limited to small sample sizes. Thus, this study aimed to assess the incidence of and risk factors for overt PUR after vaginal delivery.
methodsThis retrospective case-control study included all primiparas who delivered vaginally between July 1, 2017, and June 30, 2019, at our institution. The case group comprised 677 women diagnosed with overt PUR who required catheterisation after delivery. The control group comprised 677 women without overt PUR randomly selected in a 1:1 ratio matched for date of delivery and who delivered immediately after each woman with overt PUR to minimise the impact of variations over time in obstetric practice. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the factors associated with overt PUR.
resultsOf the 12,609 women included in our study, 677 were diagnosed with overt PUR (incidence 5.37%). Univariate analysis identified epidural analgesia, episiotomy, perineal tears, instrument-assisted delivery, duration of labour stage, intrauterine operation, and vulvar oedema as risk factors for PUR. Multivariate logistic regression identified epidural analgesia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-1.79, P = 0.005), vulvar oedema (OR = 6.92, 95% CI: 4.65-10.31, P < 0.001), forceps delivery (OR = 8.42, 95% CI: 2.22-31.91, P = 0.002), episiotomy (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.02-1.84, P = 0.035), and second-degree perineal tear (OR = 3.42, 95% CI: 2.37-4.94, P < 0.001) as significant independent risk factors for PUR.
conclusionsPUR was highly associated with epidural analgesia, forceps delivery, vulvar oedema, episiotomy, and second-degree perineal tears. More attention should be paid to women at high risk to reduce the incidence of PUR.
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