ArticleBMC infectious diseases2022
Diphtheria resurgence in Sada'a-Yemen, 2017-2020.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epidemiology and clinical profile of suspected diphtheria cases in the Governorate of Ibb, Yemen: a 6-year retrospective analysis (2020-2025).IJID regions · 2026Article
- Critical immunity gaps: Waning diphtheria protection among Yemen's displaced populations calls for urgent booster strategies.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Epidemiological trend and clinical features of diphtheria in Hajjah Governorate, Yemen: a seven-years retrospective analysis (2018-2024).BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- A cross-sectional study of seroprevalence in Armenia, 2025: measles, mumps, rubella, and diphtheria.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Seasonal variations in public perceptions of diphtheria in Northern Nigeria.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infections, South Africa, 2015-2023.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Brace yourselves, vaccine-preventable diseases are coming! The impact of war on polio and other vaccine-preventable diseases.EXCLI journal · 2025Article
- Risk factors of diphtheria outbreak in damt district of Al Dhalea Governorate, 2023 -Yemen: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Genomic characterization of cocirculatingMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Disentangling the causes of mumps reemergence in the United States.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- A resurgence and re-emergence of diphtheria in Nigeria, 2023.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseArticle
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundDiphtheria is a contagious vaccine-preventable disease that contributes to the high morbidity and mortality among under 5 children, especially in Yemen. As a consequence of war and collapse of the health system, a fatal epidemic occurred at the end of 2017. This study aims to describe the epidemiology of diphtheria by time, place, and person and vaccination status of affected children.
methodsA study was conducted in Sada'a governorate by using accumulative line list of diphtheria from November 2017 to September 2020 at electronic Integrated Disease Early Warning System (eIDEWS). The case definition of WHO was adopted. Data was analyzed by Microsoft Excel and Epi info- version 7.2 and multivariable logistic analysis used for identifying significant associated factors.
results747 cases were met of WHO case definition. The annual peak of cases started during week 31 and weak 49. Males were slightly more than females (51% vs 49%) and about 35% of cases involved children aged 10 to < 15 years. The overall incidence of diphtheria and case fatality rate (CFR) were 69/ 100,000 and 6.4%, respectively. The highest CFR was among age groups under 5 years 11% (P < 0.001) and among females was 8%. Dysphagia and swollen lymph nodes were the predominant symptoms 98%, 92%, respectively. Based on the Vaccination status, the percentage of unvaccinated and unknown were 53% and 41% respectively, with CFR 11% among cases who received one dose. Furthermore, the most case were from Sahar 40% with case fatality rate 8% and the highest CFR was significantly higher among cases in border and ongoing conflict district (P < 0.05).
conclusionsThe findings highlight that diphtheria is still an ongoing cause of morbidity and mortality among under 5 children in Sada'a that is rising with the low diphtheria immunization coverage. Therefore, concomitant efforts should now focus on improving and monitoring routine immunization across all age groups and healthcare services, especially in borders and continuing conflict districts.
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