ArticleCardiovascular drugs and therapy2023
Cost-Effectiveness of Lipid-Lowering Therapies for Cardiovascular Prevention in Germany.
Article in Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Critical Systematic Review of Modelling Approaches and Methodologies used in Hyperlipidaemia Economic Evaluations.PharmacoEconomics · 2026Pooled it
- Cost-Effectiveness of Icosapent Ethyl in REDUCE-IT USA: Results From Patients Randomized in the United States.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Trial
- Chinese expert consensus on the choice of initial cholesterol-lowering strategy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- A Comprehensive Review of the Latest Approaches to Managing Hypercholesterolemia: A Comparative Analysis of Conventional and Novel Treatments: Part I.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Measuring the health outcomes of Chinese ischemic stroke patients based on the data from a longitudinal multi-center study.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Observational
- Therapeutic Management of LDL-C: Efficacy and Economic Impact Assessment.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- Determining cost-saving risk thresholds for statin use.PloS one · 2025Article
- Predictors and benefits of lipid-lowering therapy initiation after an atherosclerotic cardiovascular event: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- PCSK9 inhibitors on the management of primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Markov modeling for cost-effectiveness using federated health data network.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2024Article
- PCSK9 inhibition: from effectiveness to cost-effectiveness.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Cost-effectiveness of Evolocumab in Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2024Review
- Cost-Effectiveness of Icosapent Ethyl for Ischemic Cardiovascular Events.The journal of Tehran Heart Center · 2024Article
- Established and Emerging Lipid-Lowering Drugs for Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2023Review
- Global eligibility and cost effectiveness of icosapent ethyl in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Cost-Effectiveness of Icosapent Ethyl, Evolocumab, Alirocumab, Ezetimibe, or Fenofibrate in Combination with Statins Compared to Statin Monotherapy.Clinical drug investigation · 2022Article
- The potential population health impact of treating REDUCE-IT eligible US adults with Icosapent Ethyl.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2022Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Bivalent, Quadrivalent, and Nonavalent HPV Vaccination in South Africa.Clinical drug investigation · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeNovel pharmaceutical treatments reducing cardiovascular events in dyslipidaemia patients must demonstrate clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness to promote long-term adoption by patients, physicians, and insurers.
objectiveTo assess the cost-effectiveness of statin monotherapy compared to additive lipid-lowering therapies for primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention from the perspective of Germany's healthcare system.
methodsTransition probabilities and hazard ratios were derived from cardiovascular outcome trials for statin combinations with icosapent ethyl (REDUCE-IT), evolocumab (FOURIER), alirocumab (ODYSSEY), ezetimibe (IMPROVE-IT), and fibrate (ACCORD). Costs and utilities were retrieved from previous literature. The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events was simulated with a Markov cohort model. The main outcomes were the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained.
resultsFor primary prevention, the addition of icosapent ethyl to statin generated 0.81 QALY and €14,732 costs (ICER: 18,133), whereas fibrates yielded 0.63 QALY and € - 10,516 costs (ICER: - 16,632). For secondary prevention, the addition of ezetimibe to statin provided 0.61 QALY at savings of € - 5,796 (ICER: - 9,555) and icosapent ethyl yielded 0.99 QALY and €14,333 costs (ICER: 14,485). PCSK9 inhibitors offered 0.55 and 0.87 QALY at costs of €62,722 and €87,002 for evolocumab (ICER: 114,639) and alirocumab (ICER: 100,532), respectively. A 95% probability of cost-effectiveness was surpassed at €20,000 for icosapent ethyl (primary and secondary prevention), €119,000 for alirocumab, and €149,000 for evolocumab.
conclusionsFor primary cardiovascular prevention, a combination therapy of icosapent ethyl plus statin is a cost-effective use of resources compared to statin monotherapy. For secondary prevention, icosapent ethyl, ezetimibe, evolocumab, and alirocumab increase patient benefit at different economic costs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.