Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35015101›Full record

ArticleAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry2022

Wearable soft electrochemical microfluidic device integrated with iontophoresis for sweat biosensing.

Gulcin Bolat, Ernesto De la Paz, Nathalia F Azeredo, Michael Kartolo, Jayoung Kim, Andre Neirdert de Loyola E Silva, Ricardo Rueda, Christopher Brown, Lúcio Angnes, Joseph Wang and 1 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
6.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Making Sweat Measurable: Induction, Sampling, and Refreshment in Wearable Biofluid Sensing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Beyond Flexible: Unveiling the Next Era of Flexible Electronic Systems.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2024
    Review
  13. A Passive Perspiration Inspired Wearable Platform for Continuous Glucose Monitoring.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024
    Article
  14. Microfluidic-based systems for the management of diabetes.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024
    Review
  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Gulcin BolatDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Ernesto De la PazDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Nathalia F AzeredoDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Michael KartoloDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Jayoung KimDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Andre Neirdert de Loyola E SilvaDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Ricardo RuedaDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Christopher BrownDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Lúcio AngnesDepartment of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Joseph WangDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. josephwang@ucsd.edu.
Juliane R SempionattoDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. jsemp@caltech.edu.
University of California, San Diego · USUniversidade de São Paulo · BR

Funding

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico 216981/2014-0Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior 88881.186873/2018-01Defense Threat Reduction Agency HDTRA 1-16-1-0013Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu TUBITAK 2219
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A soft and flexible wearable sweat epidermal microfluidic device capable of simultaneously stimulating, collecting, and electrochemically analyzing sweat is demonstrated. The device represents the first system integrating an iontophoretic pilocarpine delivery system around the inlet channels of epidermal polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device for sweat collection and analysis. The freshly generated sweat is naturally pumped into the fluidic inlet without the need of exercising. Soft skin-mounted systems, incorporating non-invasive, on-demand sweat sampling/analysis interfaces for tracking target biomarkers, are in urgent need. Existing skin conformal microfluidic-based sensors for continuous monitoring of target sweat biomarkers rely on assays during intense physical exercising. This work demonstrates the first example of combining sweat stimulation, through transdermal pilocarpine delivery, with sample collection through a microfluidic channel for real-time electrochemical monitoring of sweat glucose, in a fully integrated soft and flexible multiplexed device which eliminates the need of exercising. The on-body operational performance and layout of the device were optimized considering the fluid dynamics and evaluated for detecting sweat glucose in several volunteers. Furthermore, the microfluidic monitoring device was integrated with a real-time wireless data transmission system using a flexible electronic board PCB conformal with the body. The new microfluidic platform paves the way to real-time non-invasive monitoring of biomarkers in stimulated sweat samples for diverse healthcare and wellness applications.

Indexed as

Biosensing TechniquesWearable Electronic DevicesBiomarkersGlucoseHumansIontophoresisLab-On-A-Chip DevicesPilocarpineSweatBiomarkersGlucosePilocarpineEpidermal microfluidicIontophoresisStimulated sweatSweat glucoseSweat sensorWearable sensors

Identifiers

PMID35015101
OpenAlexW4206477598

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.