SynthesisJournal of medical Internet research2022
Understanding the Nature of Metadata: Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Journal of medical Internet research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Minimum Data Set and Metadata for Active Vaccine Safety Surveillance: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Pooled it
- Integration of Federated Learning and Blockchain in Health Care: Tutorial on Medical Data, Architectures, Privacy, Security, and Regulatory Compliance.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- A global biodiversity use data infrastructure acknowledging indigenous and local knowledge.npj biodiversity · 2026Review
- Semantic alignment of the German Human Genome-Phenome Archive metadata model in Europe's genomics field.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Health Data for Linguistic Minority Group Research in Canada: Proof-of-Concept Centralized Health Care Metadata Repository Development and Usability Study.JMIR infodemiology · 2026Article
- Assessing the adoption of the FAIR principles in Italian environmental research infrastructures.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- A reproducible R workflow to preserve variable and value labels in Stata, SPSS, and SAS datasets for transparent and reproducible health research.Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi · 2025Article
- How far are we from the era of big data in transcriptomics? Lessons from the bacterial data in GEO.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Review
- Proposal for Using AI to Assess Clinical Data Integrity and Generate Metadata: Algorithm Development and Validation.JMIR medical informatics · 2025Article
- Perceptual and technical barriers in sharing and formatting metadata accompanying omics studies.Cell genomics · 2025Review
- Exploring Metadata Catalogs in Health Care Data Ecosystems: Taxonomy Development Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Article
- FAIR foundations of a novel indicator vault for non-communicable diseases in the European Union: feasibility study for effective contextualisation of indicators.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Article
- Leveraging knowledge for explainable AI in personalized cancer treatment: challenges and future directions.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Article
- A Generic Transformation Approach for Complex Laboratory Data Using the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources Mapping Language: Method Development and Implementation.JMIR medical informatics · 2024Article
- From Planning Stage Towards FAIR Data: A Practical Metadatasheet For Biomedical Scientists.Scientific data · 2024Article
- The challenges of research data management in cardiovascular science: a DGK and DZHK position paper-executive summary.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2024Review
- Use of Metadata-Driven Approaches for Data Harmonization in the Medical Domain: Scoping Review.JMIR medical informatics · 2024Article
- Developing a standardized but extendable framework to increase the findability of infectious disease datasets.Scientific data · 2023Article
- Metadata integrity in bioinformatics: Bridging the gap between data and knowledge.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMetadata are created to describe the corresponding data in a detailed and unambiguous way and is used for various applications in different research areas, for example, data identification and classification. However, a clear definition of metadata is crucial for further use. Unfortunately, extensive experience with the processing and management of metadata has shown that the term "metadata" and its use is not always unambiguous.
objectiveThis study aimed to understand the definition of metadata and the challenges resulting from metadata reuse.
methodsA systematic literature search was performed in this study following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for reporting on systematic reviews. Five research questions were identified to streamline the review process, addressing metadata characteristics, metadata standards, use cases, and problems encountered. This review was preceded by a harmonization process to achieve a general understanding of the terms used.
resultsThe harmonization process resulted in a clear set of definitions for metadata processing focusing on data integration. The following literature review was conducted by 10 reviewers with different backgrounds and using the harmonized definitions. This study included 81 peer-reviewed papers from the last decade after applying various filtering steps to identify the most relevant papers. The 5 research questions could be answered, resulting in a broad overview of the standards, use cases, problems, and corresponding solutions for the application of metadata in different research areas.
conclusionsMetadata can be a powerful tool for identifying, describing, and processing information, but its meaningful creation is costly and challenging. This review process uncovered many standards, use cases, problems, and solutions for dealing with metadata. The presented harmonized definitions and the new schema have the potential to improve the classification and generation of metadata by creating a shared understanding of metadata and its context.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.