Trial reportNature medicine2022
Atezolizumab with enzalutamide versus enzalutamide alone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial.
Trial report in Nature medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03016312 (A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized Study of Atezolizumab), which is not on this map. Cited by 146 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized Study of Atezolizumab (Anti-PD-L1 Antibody) in Combination With Enzalutamide Versus Enzalutamide Alone in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer After Failure of an Androgen Synthesis Inhibitor and Failure of, Ineligibility for, or Refusal of a Taxane Regimen
Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 235 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A meta-analysis and reconstructed individual patient data analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical Benefit and Safety of Combined Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy in Prostate Cancer.International journal of cancer · 2026Pooled it
- PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for ARPI-pretreated and chemotherapy-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a pooled analysis of KEYNOTE-921 and CheckMate 7DX trials.International urology and nephrology · 2026Pooled it
- Immunotherapeutic strategies for castration-resistant prostate cancer: A systematic review of mechanisms, clinical advances and emerging approaches.Molecular biology reports · 2026Pooled it
- Immune-related cardiovascular toxicities of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in solid tumors: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Hypertransaminasemia in cancer patients receiving immunotherapy and immune-based combinations: the MOUSEION-05 study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Pooled it
- Recent advances in the molecular targeted drugs for prostate cancer.International urology and nephrology · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Comparing efficacy of first-line treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant Fc-enhanced anti-CTLA-4 targets Tregs to augment androgen deprivation in high-risk prostate cancer: A randomized phase I trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Trial
- Pembrolizumab plus enzalutamide for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing on enzalutamide: cohorts 4 and 5 of the phase 2 KEYNOTE-199 study.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Circulating Tumor DNA Assessment for Treatment Monitoring Adds Value to PSA in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Trial
- Phase 2 trial of a DNA vaccine (pTVG-HP) and nivolumab in patients with castration-sensitive non-metastatic (M0) prostate cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Trial
- Rucaparib or Physician's Choice in Metastatic Prostate Cancer.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Trial
- Current landscape and emerging trends of PD-1/PD-L1 research in prostate cancer: A data-driven atlas from multidatabase integration.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Ineffectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in prostate cancer: is it just a question of '-mabs'?The Journal of pathology · 2026Review
- Why immunotherapy fails in prostate cancer and what comes next.BJU international · 2026Article
- Decoding the metabolic‑immune crosstalk: The role of glutamine and ammonium reprogramming in prostate cancer immune evasion (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Temporal dynamics of the immune response to neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy suggest a window of opportunity for checkpoint inhibitor therapy in prostate cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 14 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Early clinical data indicate that some patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer may benefit from program death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibition, especially with enzalutamide. The IMbassador250 trial (no. NCT03016312) enrolled 759 men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer whose disease progressed on abiraterone. The addition of atezolizumab to enzalutamide in an open-label randomized trial did not meet the primary endpoint of improved overall survival in unselected patients (stratified hazard ratio 1.12, 95% confidence interval (0.91, 1.37), P = 0.28), despite an acceptable safety profile. In archival tumor samples, prostate tumors showed comparatively low expression of key immune biomarkers. DNA damage-response alterations, phosphatase and tensin homolog status and PD-L1 expression levels were similar between hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancers. In planned biomarker analysis, longer progression-free survival was seen with atezolizumab in patients with high PD-L1 IC2/3, CD8 expression and established immune gene signatures. Exploratory analysis linked progression-free survival in the atezolizumab arm with immune genes such as CXCL9 and TAP1, together with other potentially relevant biomarkers including phosphatase and tensin homolog alterations. Together these data indicate that the expected biology associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors is present in prostate cancer, albeit in fewer patients. Careful patient selection may be required for immune checkpoint inhibitors to identify subgroups of patients who may benefit from this treatment approach.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.