ReviewStroke2022
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale as an Outcome in Stroke Research: Value of ANCOVA Over Analyzing Change From Baseline.
Review in Stroke, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparing Early National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Versus 90-Day Modified Rankin Scale Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Trials: A Systematic Review and Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Early neurological improvement with deferoxamine after intracerebral hemorrhage: A post hoc analysis of the i-DEF trial.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2025Trial
- Metabolomic profiles impacted by brief mindfulness intervention with contributions to improved health.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of the mHealth App Intellect in Improving Subclinical Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in University Students: Randomized Controlled Trial With a 4-Week Follow-Up.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2024Trial
- Verification of the predictive value of EV-associated biomarkers MMP9 and CEACAM1 in rehabilitation of ischemic stroke.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Impacts of neurointerventional therapy combined with intravenous thrombolysis on neurological function, oxidative stress, and immune function in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Cumulative inflammatory, coagulation, and metabolic abnormalities predict poor 90-day functional outcome after endovascular thrombectomy for large-vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Efficacy of rt-PA versus Urokinase in early time windows for minimally invasive intracerebral hemorrhage evacuation and exploratory TAFI pharmacogenomics.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Dual-Energy CT-Based Thrombus Radiomics Can Predict Functional Outcome of Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke.Translational stroke research · 2025Article
- Fear of progression profiles and their association with quality of life and depression in ischemic stroke survivors: a latent profile analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Effect of carotid artery stenosis on collateral flow status in patients with acute ischemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Periosteal pressure sensitivity of the chest bone as a measure for autonomic function in ischemic heart disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Efficacy, safety, and effect on platelet activation of the timing of administration of tirofiban in patients with acute ischemic stroke.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Association Between Enhanced Hydration Therapy and Improved Prognosis in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Who Were Treated With Thrombolytics: A Preliminary Study.Emergency medicine international · 2025Article
- Exploring the dynamics of stroke survivors' care dependency, fatigue, and coping strategy in their caregivers: a structural equation modeling analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Subacute edema progression after acute ischemic stroke: impact of intravenous alteplase administration and reperfusion degree.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Association of phenotypic age and accelerated aging with severity and disability in patients with acute ischemic stroke.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), measured a few hours to days after stroke onset, is an attractive outcome measure for stroke research. NIHSS at the time of presentation (baseline NIHSS) strongly predicts the follow-up NIHSS. Because of the need to account for the baseline NIHSS in the analysis of follow-up NIHSS as an outcome measure, a common and intuitive approach is to define study outcome as the change in NIHSS from baseline to follow-up (ΔNIHSS). However, this approach has important limitations. Analyzing ΔNIHSS implies a very strong assumption about the relationship between baseline and follow-up NIHSS that is unlikely to be satisfied, drawing into question the validity of the resulting statistical analysis. This reduces the precision of the estimates of treatment effects and the power of clinical trials that use this approach to analysis. ANCOVA allows for the analysis of follow-up NIHSS as the dependent variable while adjusting for baseline NIHSS as a covariate in the model and addresses several challenges of using ΔNIHSS outcome using simple bivariate comparisons (eg, a
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.