ArticlePolymers2021
In Vivo Investigation of Polymer-Ceramic PCL/HA and PCL/β-TCP 3D Composite Scaffolds and Electrical Stimulation for Bone Regeneration.
Article in Polymers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bioactive Electrode System With External Connectivity for Electrically Augmented Bone Regeneration.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Time-Course Evaluation of the In Vivo Resorption Process of Calcium Phosphates/Poly(lactide-International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- SHED-exosomes functionalized micro-nano bioactive glass/PCL membrane regulates macrophage polarization and promotes osteogenic differentiation.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2026Article
- Construction ofRegenerative biomaterials · 2026Article
- 3D Hybrid Bioprinting for Complex Multi-Tissue Engineering.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Evolution in Bone Tissue Regeneration: From Grafts to Innovative Biomaterials.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Four-Dimensional Printing of β-Tricalcium Phosphate-Modified Shape Memory Polymers for Bone Scaffolds in Osteochondral Regeneration.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Polycaprolactone for Hard Tissue Regeneration: Scaffold Design and In Vivo Implications.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Composite PCL Scaffold With 70% β-TCP as Suitable Structure for Bone Replacement.International dental journal · 2024Article
- Article
- 3D-Printed Polycaprolactone-Based Containing Calcium Zirconium Silicate: Bioactive Scaffold for Accelerating Bone Regeneration.Polymers · 2024Article
- Article
- Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Porous Polymer-Blended Scaffolds Functionalized with Tricalcium Phosphate.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2024Article
- Poly-ε-Caprolactone 3D-Printed Porous Scaffold in a Femoral Condyle Defect Model Induces Early Osteo-Regeneration.Polymers · 2023Article
- Chitosan (CS)/Hydroxyapatite (HA)/Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP)-Based Composites as a Potential Material for Pulp Tissue Regeneration.Polymers · 2023Article
- Article
- Collagen Scaffolds Laden with Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Promote Periodontal Regeneration in SD Rat Model.Polymers · 2023Article
- Electrical Stimulation Therapy and HA/TCP Composite Scaffolds Modulate the Wnt Pathways in Bone Regeneration of Critical-Sized Defects.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Improved osteogenic differentiation by extremely low electromagnetic field exposure: possible application for bone engineering.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Critical bone defects are a major clinical challenge in reconstructive bone surgery. Polycaprolactone (PCL) mixed with bioceramics, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), create composite scaffolds with improved biological recognition and bioactivity. Electrical stimulation (ES) aims to compensate the compromised endogenous electrical signals and to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation. We investigated the effects of composite scaffolds (PCL with HA; and PCL with β-TCP) and the use of ES on critical bone defects in Wistar rats using eight experimental groups: untreated, ES, PCL, PCL/ES, HA, HA/ES, TCP, and TCP/ES. The investigation was based on histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression analysis. The vascular area was greater in the HA/ES group on days 30 and 60. Tissue mineralization was greater in the HA, HA/ES, and TCP groups at day 30, and TCP/ES at day 60. Bmp-2 gene expression was higher in the HA, TCP, and TCP/ES groups at day 30, and in the TCP/ES and PCL/ES groups at day 60. Runx-2, Osterix, and Osteopontin gene expression were also higher in the TCP/ES group at day 60. These results suggest that scaffolds printed with PCL and TCP, when paired with electrical therapy application, improve bone regeneration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.