ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
Systematic Review of Incidence Studies of Pneumonia in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk Factors associated with dysphagia for people with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury (cSCI): A Systematic review and Meta-analysis.Spinal cord · 2026Pooled it
- Diaphragmatic pacing for spinal cord injury patients: impact on weaning rate - a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting mortality in patients with vertebral osteomyelitis.Infection · 2026Article
- Rewiring the Lung-CNS Axis After Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Haemoperitoneum in the setting of therapeutic anticoagulation and manual assisted cough for a patient with an acute cervical spinal cord injury and pulmonary embolus: a case report.Spinal cord series and cases · 2025Article
- Pneumonia history and long-term impact on people with traumatic spinal cord injury: A 5-year cohort study.Spinal cord · 2025Article
- E-Cigarette Use Among Older Adults with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: Relationship With History of Cigarette Smoking.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2025Article
- Effect of nutritional status on occurrence of pneumonia after traumatic cervical spinal cord injury.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Cervical spinal cord hemisection impacts sigh and the respiratory reset in male rats.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- Importance of Skeletal Muscle and Interdisciplinary Team Approach in Managing Pneumonia in Older People.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
- Unplanned hospital admissions due to secondary health conditions after spinal cord injury: a population-based description of determinants of length of stay.Spinal cord · 2023Article
- Association of impaired levels with outcomes for cervical fracture dislocation using the Japanese diagnosis procedure combination database.Journal of craniovertebral junction & spineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pneumonia continues to complicate the course of spinal cord injury (SCI). Currently, clinicians and policy-makers are faced with only limited numbers of pneumonia incidence in the literature. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to provide an objective synthesis of the evidence about the incidence of pneumonia in persons with SCI. Incidence was calculated per 100 person-days, and meta-regression was used to evaluate the influence of the clinical setting, the level of injury, the use of mechanical ventilation, the presence of tracheostomy, and dysphagia. For the meta-regression we included 19 studies. The incidence ranged from 0.03 to 7.21 patients with pneumonia per 100 days. The main finding of this review is that we found large heterogeneity in the reporting of the incidence, and we therefore should be cautious with interpreting the results. In the multivariable meta-regression, the incidence rate ratios showed very wide confidence intervals, which does not allow a clear conclusion concerning the risk of pneumonia in the different stages after a SCI. Large longitudinal studies with a standardized reporting on risk factors, pneumonia, and detailed time under observation are needed. Nevertheless, this review showed that pneumonia is still a clinically relevant complication and pneumonia prevention should focus on the ICU setting and patients with complete tetraplegia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.