SynthesisNutrients2021
Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Adult Mortality Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of 207,291 Participants.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The association of ultra-processed food intake on age-related muscle conditions: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis with meta-regression.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The Association of Food Insecurity and Risk of Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Large-Scale Cohorts.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Ultra-processed foods and risk of all-cause mortality: an updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Who consumes ultra-processed food? A systematic review of sociodemographic determinants of ultra-processed food consumption from nationally representative samples.Nutrition research reviews · 2024Pooled it
- The association between ultra-processed food and common pregnancy adverse outcomes: a dose-response systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Pooled it
- Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2024Pooled it
- Nutritional quality of foods according to the Nova food classification system after a behavioral economics intervention in food pantries.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- Higher consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with disordered eating symptoms and low-quality diet in adults with obesity.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Exploring the Connection Between Ultra-Processed Foods and Breast Cancer: From Adiposity to Inflammation and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence applications for assessing ultra-processed food consumption: a scoping review.The British journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- 'Do plant-based meats offer a steppingstone towards healthier choices? A cross-sectional audit of the UK market'.Journal of nutritional science · 2026Article
- Ultra-Processed Food Consumption, Mental Health, and Quality of Life in Adults: A Systematic Review Protocol.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Facilitators and barriers to the formulation of public policies on food and nutrition: A scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Post-diagnostic ultra-processed food exposure in gastrointestinal cancers: scoping review with narrative synthesis and clinical implications.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in the Association Between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and NAFLD: An Analysis of KNHANES 2013-2021 Data.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Ultra-processed foods, biological ageing, and all-cause mortality risk: a prospective cohort study using 172,225 participants from UK Biobank.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Impact of healthy and sustainable diets on the mortality burden from cardiometabolic diseases and colorectal cancer in Mexican adults: a modeling study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- NutriNet-Brasil, a web-based prospective study on dietary patterns and risk of chronic diseases: cohort profile.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Review
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We performed a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies assessing the association between UPF consumption and adult mortality risk. A systematic search was conducted using ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus electronic databases from inception to August 2021. Data were extracted from seven cohort studies (totaling 207,291 adults from four countries). Using a random-effects model, hazard ratios (HR) of pooled outcomes were estimated. Our results showed that UPF consumption was related to an enhanced risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.30; I
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.