ReviewNutrients2021
Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Dietary Supplementation to Prevent Bone Mineral Density Loss: A Food Pyramid.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Dietary Copper Intake and Bone Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Calcified tissue international · 2025Pooled it
- Isoflavone intervention and its impact on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024Pooled it
- Association between Serum Magnesium and Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence and predictors of low bone mineral density in Myasthenia gravis.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Conservative Management of Focal Chondral Lesions of the Knee and Ankle: Current Concepts.Cells · 2025Review
- Association of Energy, Macronutrients, and Fiber Intakes with Bone Health in Adolescent Athletes.Calcified tissue international · 2025Article
- Synergistic Effects of an Eight-Week Resistance Training and Probiotic Supplementation on Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats.Preventive nutrition and food science · 2025Article
- Hip Fractures: Clinical, Biomaterial and Biomechanical Insights into a Common Health Challenge.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Importance of Vitamin D and Magnesium in Athletes.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Fixation Failure in Osteoporotic Bone: A Review of Complications and Outcomes.Indian journal of orthopaedics · 2025Review
- Effects of traditional Chinese medicine Zuo-Gui-Wan on gut microbiota in an osteoporotic mouse model.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Adults with Phenylketonuria have suboptimal bone mineral density apart from vitamin D and calcium sufficiency.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Improvement of Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Genistein Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Diverse Population-Based RCTs.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2025Review
- Importance of Non-Pharmacologic Interventions in Osteoporosis Management: A Case Series Finding Value in Nutrition and Exercise Counseling by a Fracture Liaison Service.The Iowa orthopaedic journal · 2025Article
- The relationship between Fruit and vegetable intake and frailty: Data from NHANES 2007-2018.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Association between ultra-processed food and osteoporosis: a cross-sectional study based on the NHANES database.Nutrition & metabolism · 2024Article
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- Physiology of Vitamin D-Focusing on Disease Prevention.Nutrients · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bone is a nutritionally modulated tissue. Given this background, aim of this review is to evaluate the latest data regarding ideal dietary approach in order to reduce bone mineral density loss and to construct a food pyramid that allows osteopenia/osteoporosis patients to easily figure out what to eat. The pyramid shows that carbohydrates should be consumed every day (3 portions of whole grains), together with fruits and vegetables (5 portions; orange-colored fruits and vegetables and green leafy vegetables are to be preferred), light yogurt (125 mL), skim milk (200 mL,) extra virgin olive oil (almost 20 mg/day), and calcium water (almost 1 l/day); weekly portions should include fish (4 portions), white meat (3 portions), legumes (2 portions), eggs (2 portions), cheeses (2 portions), and red or processed meats (once/week). At the top of the pyramid, there are two pennants: one green means that osteopenia/osteoporosis subjects need some personalized supplementation (if daily requirements cannot be satisfied through diet, calcium, vitamin D, boron, omega 3, and isoflavones supplementation could be an effective strategy with a great benefit/cost ratio), and one red means that there are some foods that are banned (salt, sugar, inorganic phosphate additives). Finally, three to four times per week of 30-40 min of aerobic and resistance exercises must be performed.
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